Cathodic electrodeposition of CdTe films was studied using aqueous ammonia-alkaline electrolytic baths (pH 10.7; temperature 343 K) in which Cd(II) and Te(IV) species were dissolved to form Cd(NH 3 ) 4 2ϩ and TeO 3 2Ϫ ions, respectively. From the solution, 60 mM Cd(II)Ϫ10 mM Te(IV)Ϫ4.0 M NH 3 Ϫ1.0 M NH 4 ϩ (M ϭ mol dm Ϫ3 ), a flat and smooth polycrystalline CdTe film (thickness, ca. 1 m) with nearly stoichiometric composition was deposited at a constant cathode potential, ranging from Ϫ0.70 to Ϫ0.30 V vs. SHE, whereas dendrite CdTe accompanying elemental cadmium was obtained at Ϫ0.80 V. The deposition behavior was fully explained by an underpotential deposition mechanism taking the calculated redox potentials of Te 0 /Te IV O 3 2Ϫ and Cd 0 /Cd II (NH 3 ) 4 2ϩ pairs into consideration. During electrodeposition of nearly stoichiometric crystalline CdTe, the current density was decreasing monotonously.
The processes of initiation and stable growth of craks in fracture toughness tests were observed in detail on various steels of moderate ductility by using fractographic and sectioning techniques. The effects of test temperature and specimen thickness on these processes were also investigated. The results are summarized as follows.(1) The stretched zone width increases with temperature for HT80, HT60 and CH1 steels, while it remains approximately constant for S35C steel, in the temperature range where the stable crack growth takes place preceding the unstable crack growth.(2) The distribution of the stretched zone width along the crack front is fairly flat and is little affected by the test temperature and specimen thickness, while that of the tear dimple region is considerably affected by these factors.
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