Light simultaneously induces visual and non-visual effects. Although the differences in the spectral sensitivity of intrinsic photosensitive retinal ganglion cells induce opposing influences on physiological responses, it is difficult to independently measure only non-visual effects. Therefore, the reported effects of light color on physiological responses are inconsistent. This study aimed to clarify the visual and non-visual effects of light color on physiological responses. Three different conditions were employed to construct a lighting environment in which light colors were difficult to perceive due to chromatic adaptation and change blindness: constant white light (baseline condition), a gradual transition from white to blue light, and a gradual transition from white to red light. The physiological responses (brain activity, heart rate variability, and electrodermal activity) of 21 participants were measured with and without light color perception. The results suggested that blue light causes more non-visual effects compared to red light as blue light induces brain activation in some regions of the PFC (p < 0.05) and increases sweating, although the differences were not statistically significant. A mean comparison suggested that the visual effects of blue light showed tendencies toward a calming role for the prefrontal cortex and inhibition of sweating, but the differences were not statistically significant. Another mean comparison suggested that the visual effects of red light tended to enhance sweating, but the differences were not statistically significant. Visual and non-visual effects did not cause significant differences in heart rate variability. Additionally, a mean comparison did not reveal any significant tendencies.
The use of Ofice Automation Systems, which consist of word processors and personal computers, has been spreading. There is a trend towards a paperless ofice in which various transactions are dealt with by computer. A n electronic dictionary system which can use a dictionary's information on computers has been developed. This paper proposes a user interface system for the non computer professional using the electronic dictionary system. All the dictionarys' information has complex structures and relations. This paper proposes a model which represents uniformly all the dictionary's information. Based on the model, we design and implement a User Interface System for the electronic dictionary. It is called the Dictionary Interface System(DIS). For non computer professionals, a visual user's environment which is suited for concrete purposes is better than general programming language or programming environment. The users are ogered the visual environment for using various dictionaries by the DIS. By using this system, the users of the DIS do not need to know any programming language, and to obtain required information from the various dictionaries, only the function oflered by the system is necessary.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.