This study investigates the relationship between business cycle fluctuations and health in the Canadian context, given that a procyclical relationship between mortality rates and unemployment rates has already been well established in the U.S. literature. Using a fixed effects model and provincial data over the period 1977-2009, we estimate the effect of unemployment rates on Canadian age and gender specific mortality rates. Consistent with U.S. results, there is some evidence of a strong procyclical pattern in the mortality rates of middle-aged Canadians. We find that a one percentage point increase in the unemployment rate lowers the predicted mortality rate of individuals in their 30s by nearly 2 percent. In contrast to the U.S. data, we do not find a significant cyclical pattern in the mortality rates of infants and seniors.
À l'aide des données rendues disponibles par la Loi de 1996 sur la divulgation des traitements dans le secteur public de l'Ontario, nous élaborons un modèle de données de panel qui contiennent les salaires individuels de professeurs d'économie titulaires d'un poste permanent ou menant à la permanence de seize universités de l'Ontario entre 1996 et 2006, afin d'évaluer la relation entre le rendement scolaire et le salaire. Nos évaluations suggèrent que les universités récompensent la productivité, car la publication de la recherche dans une revue importante est souvent associée à une majoration d'environ 1 à 3 pour cent du salaire annuel. Nous interprétons nos résultats comme une preuve empirique de l'importance possible de la productivité de la recherche dans la détermination des salaires des universitaires à partir du financement public.Mots clés : loi sur la transparence, salaire, rendement, productivité de la recherche, publications Exploiting data made available by the 1996 Ontario Public Sector Salary Disclosure Act, we construct a unique panel data set containing individual salaries of tenured and tenure-track economics professors from 16 universities in Ontario between 1996 and 2006 to evaluate the relationship between academic performance and salary. Our estimates suggest that universities reward research productivity, as a top journal publication is significantly associated with a roughly 1 percent-3 percent increase in annual salary. We interpret our results as empirical evidence of the potential importance of research productivity in determining publicly funded salaries of academics.
This study evaluates the impacts of welfare transfers and the minimum wage on teen family formation by pooling provincial data from Canada between 1990 and2005. OLS estimates suggest that welfare transfers have had limited impact on teen births. On the other hand, a 10% increase in the minimum wage is significantly correlated with a 3% -5% rise in teen birth rates. This finding is explained by further regressions, which reveal that an increase in the minimum wage is significantly associated with (1) higher earnings among male teens, (2) an increase in teen marriage rates, and (3) an increase in fertility among married teens but not among unmarried females. Finally, estimates based on the 2003 and 2005 waves of the Canadian Community Health Surveys demonstrate that married teens are more likely to engage in sex as well as unprotected intercourse in comparison with single teens. JEL classification: H3, I3Familles adolescentes, aide sociale, et salaire minimum: résultats pour le Canada. Ce mémoireévalue l'impact de l'aide sociale et du salaire minimum sur la formation de familles adolescentes en groupant les données provinciales au Canada pour la période 1990-2005. Les estimésà l'aide de la méthode des moindres carrés ordinaires suggèrent que l'aide sociale a eu un impact limité sur les grossesses d'adolescentes. D'autre part, une augmentation de 10% dans le niveau du salaire minimum est co-reliée de manière significativeà une croissance de 3à 5% dans les grossesses adolescentes. Ce résultat est expliqué par des calculs additionnels qui montrent qu'une augmentation du salaire minimum est associée de manière significative (1)à des gains plusélevés pour les jeunes hommes adolescents; (2)à un accroissement du taux de nuptialité, et (3) un accroissement du taux de fécondité des couples adolescents mariés mais pas pour les adolescentes non mariées. Enfin, des estimés fondés sur les Enquêtes sur la santé dans les collectivités canadiennes de 2003 et 2005 montrent que les adolescents et adolescentes mariés sont davantage susceptibles d'avoir des relations sexuelles, et des relations sexuelles non-protégées, que les adolescents et adolescentes non-mariés.We thank two anonymous referees for some very useful comments. The usual disclaimer applies.
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