Pb-free Sn-Ag alloy solder bumps for flip-chip bonding were formed by electroplating with the aid of a photolithography. Pyrophosphate-iodide baths were used for the plating bath. Smooth, fine-grained Sn-Ag alloy films were obtained using a bath containing both polyethylene glycol ͑mean molecular weight 600, PEG600͒ and formaldehyde ͑HCHO͒ additives. Sn-Ag alloy films with near eutectic compositions ͑Sn-3.8 atom % Ag͒ were obtained under both galvanostatic and potentiostatic conditions. All of the Sn-Ag alloy films deposited consisted of -Sn phase and (Ag 3 Sn) phase. Straight-walled bumps and mushroom bumps were formed under both galvanostatic and potentiostatic conditions from the pyrophosphate-iodide bath containing both PEG600 and HCHO. Mushroom bumps with smooth surfaces and homogeneous composition were obtained under potentiostatic conditions.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.