CommentAlthough the small numbers make conclusive claims hazardous, these data do not substantiate a large increase in unprotected anal intercourse. One reason may be rises in oro-anal and anal-digital contact which impugn the validity of rectal gonorrhoea as a surrogate marker for HIV risk behaviour.Almost a fifth ofmen who tested antibody positive in this study were not clinic attenders. Just under a sixth of positive men became infected after the government campaigns began in 1986-7. Health promotion for gay and bisexual men remains a priority, and initiatives which concentrate on HIV transmission within relationships should be encouraged.
A case control study was performed with 142 leukemia patients and 284 controls matched for age and sex. Occupation, birth order, past medical history, and drinking and smoking habits were compared in these two groups. Persons born first or fourth were found to have a higher incidence of leukemia. History ofa fracture was one of the risk factors for acute leukemia, and a history of gastroduodenal ulcer was a risk factor for chronic leukemia. This maysuggest that extensive exposure to X-rays in diagnosis and treatment is a risk factor for leukemia. There was a significant dose-response relationship between the amount of smoking and the incidence of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia, but not between the amount of alcohol consumption and the incidence of leukemia. Thus, smokingwas one of the risk factors for acute leukemia.
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