Background: The objective of this study was to evaluate the mid-term efficacy of life review activities on the quality of life (QOL) of the elderly by conducting a randomized controlled trial, and to identify the factors that should be taken into consideration when conducting life review activities. Methods: Written consent was obtained from 80 of the 97 eligible elderly persons. After randomly assigning them to two groups, an intervention group and a control group, group life review activities were conducted in the intervention group and discussion activities about health were conducted in the control group. In both the intervention group and the control group, life satisfaction, self-esteem, depression, and hopelessness were evaluated using self-rating scales at three points: at baseline, immediately after completion of the 8 weeks of sessions, and 3 months after completion of the intervention. Results: Repeated measures analysis of covariance showed significant differences between the two groups in the changes in scores for depression (p = 0.04) and hopelessness (p = 0.04). Regarding the factors that were associated with depression and hopelessness, 3 months after completion of the intervention, depression and hopelessness of a more severe nature at baseline and having greater unresolved conflicts in the past were extracted by multiple regression analysis. Conclusions: The results suggested that group life review activities have a role in assisting the developmental stage of old age and supporting mental health, and have mid- to long-term effectiveness in maintaining and improving the QOL of the elderly.
<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Multimodal non-pharmacological interventions (MNPIs) have been reported to be effective in improving the cognitive function. Therefore, it is necessary to study these interventions in older people with dementia (PWD) in nursing homes (NHs). <b><i>Aims:</i></b> This study aimed to investigate the effects, contents, frequency, duration, length, and form of MNPIs on the global and specific cognitive functions of PWD in NHs through a systematic review, and to consider what kind of intervention design is most effective. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A systematic search of peer-reviewed literature published between January 2008 and October 2018 was performed on the PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and CINAHL databases. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Six randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and one non-RCTs were extracted from electronic databases, and a review was carried out. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Our review suggests that MNPIs may improve the global, executive function and memory of PWD in NHs. The combination of exercise, cognitive training and activities of daily living, and intervention at least 3 times a week over at least 8 weeks with, at least 30 min per session using the integrated form is recommended for improving the global and specific cognitive functions of PWD in NHs.
The purpose of this feasibility study was to assess effects of a group reminiscence program using odor stimulation for older adults on depression and subjective well-being. The subjects were 22 community-dwelling older adults aged 65 years and older. The group reminiscence therapy was performed eight times, and the assessment was made at three occasions, i.e., 1 month before the intervention, immediately before the intervention, and immediately after completion of the intervention using the Geriatric Depression and Life Satisfaction Index K. Significant changes were discovered in the GDS-15 in the repeated measure analysis of variance. When multiple comparisons were made, significant differences were found between 1 month before the intervention and immediately after completion of the intervention, as well as immediately before the intervention and immediately after completion of the intervention. The results suggested that this group reminiscence therapy might be effective for maintaining the mental health of older adults.
The results suggest that reminiscence intervention using olfactory stimulation may maintain the mental health of community-dwelling elderly individuals.
Introduction: Visual and auditory cues have been highlighted as methods to trigger reminiscences; however, the basis of this practice remains unclear. Here we conducted a preliminary cross-sectional study to identify reminiscence cues and their scientific basis by investigating the relationship between reminiscences in elderly people and their reminiscence cues. Method: The participants were 126 older adults aged 65 years or over. They were asked about the experiences of reminiscences in response to stimuli such as photographs, music, or smells. Data on the frequency and quality of reminiscences were collected. Geriatric depression scale and simple personality test for the elderly were assessed. Results: A multiple regression analysis revealed that reminiscences tended to be more frequent in older and less sociable participants. Highly sociable participants with reminiscences in response to olfactory stimuli tended to have positive reminiscences, while participants with less sociability and past unresolved issues tended to have negative reminiscences. Conclusion: To understand the process of reminiscence in an older person, it is important to consider the person's age, personality characteristics, and past unresolved issues. In addition, olfactory stimuli may also evoke pleasant reminiscences.
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