This research measures the lead, cadmium, copper, nickel, chromium, and arsenic in the paddy fields in Nganjuk Regency. Moreover, this research identifies the effect of these metals to the environment and their location. 105 topsoil samples were collected. The AAS was utilized to ascertain the elemental composition of the soil samples. Numerous soil pollution and ecological risk indices, such as Igeo, PI, IPI, PLI, and PERI, were used to analyze the situation. Spline interpolation with ArcGIS 10.2 was used to study metal distribution. The metal content (mg/kg) in Pb, Cd, Co, Ni, Cr, and As was 10.01, 0.77, 9.60, 5.46, 3.61, and 2.79, respectively. These pollutants had pollution index values of between 0.59 and 2.56 and 0.05 and 0.56 on the lower end of the scale. With an average of 1.10−6, the pollutant load index suggests that all samples are safe. The paddy fields in the research region have an average PERI score of 91.48, indicating a low ecological risk. Most metals researched under agriculturally safe levels will be highly valuable for establishing control and remediation measures in paddy fields.
Mercury (Hg) is commonly utilized in artisanal gold mining on Buru Island; the Hg-contaminated tailing possibly contaminates the agricultural land nearby. In general, tailings contain very low organic carbon and plant nutrients but are high in mercury and have extreme soil acidity. The objective of this study was to observe the growth of various legume cover crops (LCC) and the change of Hg in tailing inoculated with <em>Azotobacter-Trichoderma</em>. The field trial was conducted on Buru Island of Maluku by using a split-plot design with three replications. The main plot was LCC species, composed of <em>Centrosema pubescens</em> (CP), <em>Mucuna </em>sp.<em> (</em>MC), and <em>Crotalaria </em>sp. (CR); the subplots were microbial inoculants composed of two formulations of <em>Azotobacter-Trochoderma</em> inoculants. The results showed that the <em>Mucuna </em>sp. and consortia <em>Azotobacter-Trichoderma</em> (2:1) had the highest survival rate in the tailings and Hg uptake by 8.83 mg kg<sup>-1</sup> per plant. Consortia <em>Azotobacter-Trichoderma</em> inoculant with the composition of 2:1 (v:v) was able to increase soil pH, total bacterial population, LCC biomass, and Hg uptake by LCC plants. The highest Hg removal effectivity was observed in the plot treated with <em>Crotalaria </em>sp. and in a plot with <em>Azotobacter-Trichoderma</em> (2:1), which was 34.0% and 33.6%, respectively.
Latar belakang: Beras merupakan salah satu makanan pokok masyarakat Indonesia sehingga perlu adanya jaminan keamanan pada beras khususnya bebas dari cemaran logam berat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kandungan konsentrasi logam berat pada beras yang ditanam pada lahan pertanian di Kabupaten Bandung dan menganalisis risiko kesehatan masyarakat yang mengkonsumsi beras tersebut.Metode: penentuan lokasi pengambilan contoh dilakukan dengan metode purposive sampling pada lahan pertanian yang siap panen di beberapa kecamatan di Kabupaten Bandung dengan jumlah contoh beras sebanyak 26 sampel. Analisis logam berat yang dilakukan adalah analisis logam berat Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, Co, Cu dan Zn dengan ekstrak HNO3:HClO4 dan diukur menggunakan Atomic Absorbption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Analisis probabilistik penilaian risiko kesehatan masyarakat dilakukan dengan menganalisis nilai estimated daily intake (EDI), estimated weekly intake (EWI), risiko non-karsinogenik dan risiko karsinogenik. Hasil: semua contoh beras mengandung logam berat Cr, Co, Cu dan Zn dengan nilai konsentrasi berturut-turut berkisar antara 0.64-2.28 mgkg-1, 1.18-2.66 mgkg-1, 0.64-3.47 mgkg-1 dan 5.44-8.69 mgkg-1. Konsentrasi logam Cu pada contoh beras yang diambil pada lahan pertanian kawasan industri berbeda nyata dengan contoh beras di luar kawasan industri dengan nilai p sebesar 0.014. Risiko non-karsinogenik yang ditimbulkan jika mengkonsumsi beras dari lahan pertanian Kabupaten Bandung tidak mungkin untuk terjadi karena nilai hazard index (HI) menunjukkan angka <1, nilai HI secara berurutan yaitu anak-anak (0.0880)>remaja (0.0370)>dewasa (0.0259)>manula (0.0281) dan risiko karsinogenik juga menunjukkan nilai yang dapat ditoleransi karena di bawah 10-4 untuk semua katogeri umur (anak-anak, remaja, dewasa, manula) dengan nilai cancer risk (CR) berturut-turut sebesar 6.15x10-7, 6.72x10-7, 2.53x10-6 dan 2.74x10-6.Simpulan: beras yang dihasilkan dari lahan pertanian di Kabupaten Bandung aman untuk dikonsumsi oleh masyarakat karena risiko kesehatan yang ditimbulkan masih dapat ditoleransi ABSTRACTTitle: Heavy Metals and Probabilistic Risk Assessment Via Rice Consumption From Rice Fields in Upstream of The Citarum River Background: Rice is one of the staple foods of the Indonesian people, so it is necessary to guarantee the safety of rice, especially free from heavy metal contamination. This study aims to determine the concentration of heavy metals in rice grown on agricultural land in Bandung Regency and analyze the health risks of the people who consume the rice. Method: the determination of location of sampling was carried out by purposive sampling method on agricultural land that was ready for harvest in several sub-districts in Bandung Regency with a total of 26 samples of rice. Heavy metal analysis carried out was heavy metal analysis of Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, Co, Cu and Zn with HNO3:HClO4 extract and measured using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Probabilistic analysis of public health risk assessment was carried out by analyzing the estimated daily intake (EDI), estimated weekly intake (EWI), non-carcinogenic risk and carcinogenic risk.Results: all rice samples contained Cr, Co, Cu and Zn metals with concentration values ranging from 0.64-2.28 mgkg-1, 1.18-2.66 mgkg-1, 0.64-3.47 mgkg-1 and 5.44-8.69 mgkg-1, respectively. The concentration of Cu metal in rice samples taken on agricultural land in industrial areas was significantly different from rice samples outside industrial areas with a p value of 0.01. The non-carcinogenic risk caused by consuming rice from agricultural land in Bandung Regency is unlikely to occur because the hazard index (HI) value shows the number <1, the HI values are children (0.0880)>adolescents (0.0370)>adults (0.0259 )> the elderly (0.0281) and the carcinogenic risk also shows a value that can be tolerated because it was below 10-4 for all age categories (children, adolescents, adults and the elderly) with a cancer risk (CR) value of 6.15x10-7, 6.72x10-7, 2.53x10-6 and 2.74x10-6.Conclution: Rice produced from agricultural land in Bandung Regency is safe for consumption by the community because the health risks caused are still tolerable.
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