Indonesia is rich in diversity of agroindustrial products. Yet the tropical climate causes agroindustrial products being easily damaged. Techniques for food preservation have been widely known such as drying, cooling or freezing, canning, chemical use and others. To complement these techniques, a promising unconservative technique using ionizing radiation can be safely used to preserve food, without leaving residual radiation or hazardous chemical residues. Unfortunately in Indonesia, the irradiation technique was still not common since few industries have used this technique. Compared to the neighbouring countries, only Indonesia as a big country had no interest in developing irradiator technology. To introduce this technique to the public, especially investors, BATAN in 2017 built a pilot project named as Iradiator Gamma Merah Putih (IGMP). It was designed with maximum activity up to 2 MCi using Cobalt-60 as radioactive sources and can serve from low to high dose. By the time, the number of agroindustrial customers, as well as their quantity to be processed, are increasing. The irradiation technique becomes an appropriate technology for Indonesian agroindustries. It is then necessary to build gamma irradiation facilities in areas that have large agricultural yields. This way can minimalize crop losses and increase the quality of the agricultural products.
Pleiades Neo Satellite is a future optical remote sensing satellite designed for launch in 2020 with a very high spatial resolution of up to 30 cm and consists of 4 constellation satellites to continuing Pleiades-1A/1B constellation. Pleiades Neo capable of producing high temporal resolution (revisit time) in one day to collecting imagery at the same location and its performance claimed will increase up to three times when compared to the Pleiades-1A/1B constellation. LAPAN, as the main official provider in high-resolution optical satellite data in Indonesia, has planned to receive the Pleiades Neo data. This paper discusses the antenna system for receiving Pleiades Neo data by LAPAN’s remote sensing ground station with analyzing the main antenna parameter requirements if Pleiades Neo will be received on Zodiac or Viasat antenna. By calculating the Carrier to Noise Ratio (C/N) value both of antenna system and compared with Airbus Defense and Space minimum C/N requirement about 13.8 dB at 5-degree elevation. The simulation result is obtained C/N value 14 dB and 6.5 dB on Zodiac and Viasat antenna, respectively. Based on the result analysis, it is found that the Zodiac antenna system is recommended for the Pleiades Neo data reception system.
Very High Resolution Satellite Image (VHRSI) data for Indonesian Government license is required by ministries/agencies, TNI, police, and local government to support national programs. But Indonesia did not have a VHRSI data recipient facility to directly acquire this data. In accordance with Law 21/2013 on Space, LAPAN is mandate to provide high resolution satellite data, and based on a roadmap for provision of satellite data in 2017, LAPAN will provide a VHRSI data reception facility through direct receiving system (DRS). This will be more efficient than other methods in providing the data. Priority provision of satellite data is for acquiring Pleiades and TerraSAR-X operating in the frequency range 8 GHz (X-Band). Therefore, to receive both data, it requires antenna subsystem with optimum coverage throughout Indonesia. Parameters to obtain the minimum antenna specifications include Free Space Loss (FSL), Carrier to Noise Ratio (C/No) and Antenna Gain to Noise Temperature (G/T). The calculation of G/T antenna is done for both satellites based on satellite parameters and analysis of antenna product availability in the market. Based on the calculation of satellite parameters shows that the minimum G/T value with the elevation of 5 degrees is 27.71 dB/K for Pleiades data reception and the minimum G/T value of 26.10 dB/K for the TerraSAR-X data reception. In general, the minimum G/T value for receiving the Pleiades and TerraSAR-X data is at 28 dB/K. While based on the calculation of antenna products availability in the market is require G/T value of 33.45 dB /K for the elevation of 5 degrees with a diameter of 7.5 mm antenna. This can be conclude that the antenna products meets the minimum requirements specification and to receive both satellite data. However, both calculation for the antenna subsystem still will be evaluated further in order to be directly installed at Parepare Remote Earth Station (SPBJ), South Sulawesi.
Study of the effects of part sizing on Lead Rubber Bearing Base (LRB) isolator for cyclotron building foundation application has been carried out. The cyclotron building design must be able to withstand earthquake loads without damaging either the structural integrity or the functionality of the building as the shielding against the radiation rays generated when the cyclotron operates. Lead Rubber Bearing (LRB) base isolators are designed for the cyclotron building foundation to provide structural integrity and reliability against earthquakes. The LRB base isolator constructed as a stack of flat rubber and steel ring plates with lead in the center. Variation of the sizes of the LRB parts are bringing up the necessity to investigate further the response characteristics of the cyclotron building due to an earthquake excitation. Parts sizing of the LRB are of the steel plates thickness, the rubber layer thickness as well as the diameter of the leads. From the simulation then it is revealed that every configuration size is giving different effective stiffness, vertical stiffness as well as damping values in vibration isolation percentage value. Results from an LRB static analysis then are included as well in the dynamic analysis to determine differences in cyclotron building responses. The computer FEA simulation running on Abaqus and Solid Work® 3D FEM software platform revealed that changes in the thickness of the plate, rubber layer and lead diameter affected the dynamic responses of the cyclotron buildings when subjected to earthquake loads.
<p>Iradiator gamma, yang diberi nama iriradiator Merah Putih, telah selesai dibangun dan diisi dengan sumber Cobalt-60 dengan kapasitas sekitar 300 kCi. Dirancang untuk multiguna, iriadiator ini harus dapat menyediakan berbagai dosis serap dari rendah hingga tinggi. Sistem kontrol mengijinkan 4 opsi kombinasi rak-rak sumber dengan opsi aktivitas terkceil adalah 41,2 kCi. Di dalam bungker, produk akan menjalani mekanisme laluan iradiasi dengan tujuan agar mendapatkan dosis serap iradiasi yang beragam. Bungker menyediakan 72 posisi iradiasi. Di setiap posisi iradiasi, gerakan produk dapat dihentikan untuk jeda waktu tertentu menyesuaikan dosis serap iradiasi yang diinginkan. Waktu minimum bagi produk menyelesaikan menkanisme laluan iradiasi adalah 78,5 menit. Pengujian dosis dosimetri menunjukkan bahwa laju dosis serap opsi pengoperasiaan aktivitas sumber terkecil adalah 0,22 kGy per jam. Rasio Dmaks/Dmin bergantung pada densitas produk. Untuk densitas 0,2, 0,4, dan 0,6 g/cm3, rasio keseragaman dosis masing-masing adalah 1,54, 1,65, dan 1,71. Kombinasi karakterisasi mekanik dan dosimetri mengantarkan pada dosis serap minimum yang mungkin diperoleh sebesar 0,29 kGy. Dengan batasan minimum ini, segala tujuan iradiasi yang membutuhkan lebih besar dari dosis tersebut sangat dimungkinkan menggunakan iradiator Merah Putih seperti untuk karantina buah segar, pengawetan biji-biji serelia, buah-buahan kering, dan lain-lain. Permasalahan kapasitas produk juga menjadi bahan pertimbangan. Kapasitas produksi iradiasi bergantung berbagai parameter seperti dosis serap iradiasi yang diinginkan dan densitas produk, serta parameter operasional lainnya. Jika dibutuhkan dosis serap iradiasi Gy dan densitas produk 0,4 gr/cm3, maka kapasitas produksinya adalah 3,17 ton/jam atau 76 ton/hari. Kapasitas dapat berubah bila parameter iradiator juga berubah.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Characterisation and Potential use of Irradiator Red and White for Handling Food Product Agricultural.</strong></p><p>A gamma irrdiator called Irradiator Merah Putih, has been contructed and loaded with Cobalt-60 sources having a total activity of about 300 kCi. Designed for multipurposes, the irriditor should be able to provide low-to-high absorbed doses. The control system allows 4 options for combination of source racks with the smallest activity option is 41.2 kCi. Inside the irridiator bunker, the product to be irradiated will undergo an irridiation source pass mechanism in order to obetain uniform irradition absorbed dose. The bunker provides as many as 72 irradiation positions. At its position, the product maybe stopped for certain period of delight adjusting the desired irradition dose. The minimum time for the product to complete the source pass mechanism is 78.5 minutes. The dosimetry test showed that the absorbed dose rate for the smallest source activy operation was 0.22 kGy/hr. The Dmax/Dmin ratio depend on the product densitiy. For densities 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 g/cm3, the dose uniformity ratios were respectively 1.54, 1.65, and 1.71. The combination of both mechanical and dosimetry characterization leads to a minimum absorbed dose of 0.29 kGy. With this minimum restriction, any irradiation objective requiring greater than that dose is posible using the irradiator Merah Putih such as for fresh fruit, quarantine, presservation of ceral grains, dried fruits,and others. The irradiator’s throughput is also considered. The irradiation capasity depends on various parameters such as the desired irradiation absorbed dose and the density of thr product as well as other operational paramters. If a 400 Gy of irradiation of absorbed dose is required for a product with the density of 0.4 g/cm3, its production capacity is about 3.17 ton/h or 76 ton/day. The capasity may change when irradiator operational parameters are also change.</p>
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