A mix of public and private funding is employed worldwide to enable the construction of large public projects and even, in some cases, the work of public services. In this study, the selected methods of financing of participatory projects of water and water wastes were studied and prioritized. Questionnaires and comments of experts were used along with AHP decision-making and Expert Choice software. Different financing methods include: BOT and BOO and its types, the publication of bonds, foreign direct investment, the method of buyback, internal financing, current financing, development banks, Barter transactions, new tax resources and foreign financing. Results are shown and discussed and a final ranking is provided.
Easy availability to public libraries is one of the main keys in successful presentation of public library services with high quality will be valueless for those have not access to them. Availability to services should be configured in such a way that maximizes easiness and facility for potential and de facto users. In present research the required number of public libraries and establishment situation of public libraries in Saqqez city in Kurdistan province in North West of Iran were investigated and evaluated by using fuzzy set theory and SPOT 5 satellite images in 2009. In addition, optimum regions for generation of new public libraries were distinguished in city area in form of recommended map. Results showed that weighting variables classes were determined between 0-1 (profusion proportion). Fuzzification each one of effective factors using IDRISI software terminated and after was assigned type and shape membership function. Final map of suitable regions for construction of new public libraries in saqqez city area indicates that none of the libraries were situated in suitable regions.
The properties of high-strength concrete (HSC) containing rice-husk ash (RHA) and nanocalcium carbonate (nano-CaCO 3) is evaluated. For this purpose, various HSC samples containing 0-20% RHA and 0-1.5% nano-CaCO 3 were prepared and investigated for the slump, compressive strength, absorption, electrical resistivity, chloride penetration depth and sulphuric acid (H 2 SO 4) attack resistance. Results indicated that by a ternary combination of Portland cement (PC) + 10% RHA + 0.5% nano-CaCO 3 , it is able to produce HSC with 28 days compressive strength of 101.7 MPa, which was 15% higher than that of estimated for plain HSC. Additionally, substituting optimum level of nano-CaCO 3 in HSC containing RHA could improve the electrical resistivity and reduce the water absorption and chloride ion penetration depth compared with binary use of PC + RHA. A lower mass loss has been determined for the ternary combination of PC + RHA + nano-CaCO 3 at all immersion times in 5% H 2 SO 4 solution as compared with plain HSC. Moreover, considering HSC samples exposed to H 2 SO 4 solution at the age of 84 days, it can be seen that the presence of nano-CaCO 3 in HSC containing RHA did not necessarily contribute to a significant reduction in the crushing load loss percentage compared with the binary use of PC + RHA.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.