Background: Research on scabies in boarding schools has been widely carried out, however, the nature of transmission has not yet been analyzed. The transmission can occur due to the risk of direct contact when using shared beds. Purpose: This study aims to analyze the risk of bed usage in the event of a scabies infection in boarding schools. Methods: This study adopted a case-control design method. The independent variable was the use of beds, including using a shared bed and using one's own bed. The dependent variable was scabies, which was determined on the basis of the diagnostic criteria set for scabies. The sample size was 60 students, who had lived for at least four weeks in boarding schools. The sample comprised two groups: the group that used a shared bed (30 students) and the group that used their own beds (30 students). A non-probability sampling method was employed to record data. The data was collected by using a scabies checklist. Direct examinations and interviews were conducted at the Fathul Huda Demak and the Selamat Kendal boarding schools in February 2020. Statistical tests were carried out using chi-square analysis. Results: This study revealed the risk of developing scabies when a shared bed was used, with p=0.00 (p<0.05); OR=7.67; and 95%CI= 2.42–24.25. Conclusion: Students who used a shared bed in boarding schools were at 7.67 times the risk of developing scabies compared to students who used their own beds.
Background Secretory IgA (sIgA) content of breastmilk in the first postpartum month is a reflection of the pregnant woman's immune response to environmental antigen exposure. The role of secretory IgA in breastmilk is to protect and support the development of the neonatal immune response in early life. Objective To examine possible factors associated with sIgA levels in breastmilk and colostrum, including environmental exposure, food consumed, maternal history of atopy, and the appearance of allergic symptoms in infants. As a secondary objective, we determined the association between infant factors (IgE, exposure to cigarette smoke) and maternal factors (sIgA, maternal allergies) with infant allergies. Methods This prospective cohort study of 80 postpartum mothers and their infants was conducted at Sultan Agung Islamic Hospital, Semarang. We collected maternal colostrum on the second or third postpartum day and mature milk between the 22nd to 25th postpartum day. Exposure factors to mothers and infants in the final trimester of pregnancy up to one month postpartum was recorded through a questionnaire and home visits. The infant’s IgE level was measured at 4 months of age. Results Mean colostrum sIgA was 108.9 (SD 16.5) mg/dL (95%CI 97.9 to 121.1 mg/dL) and mean mature milk sIgA was 94.1 (SD 23.9) mg/dL (95%CI 89.1 to 99.2 mg/dL). Mean colostrum sIgA levels were higher in mothers exposed to cigarette smoke [119.1 (SD 1.7) vs. 92.9 (SD 1.5) mg/dL; P=0.026] and frequent infections [128.2 (SD 1.7) vs. 95.9 (SD 1.6) mg/dL; P=0.007] compared to that in unexposed mothers. Mean colostrum sIgA was also higher in mothers with atopic allergy than in those without (136.8 mg/dL vs. 99.3 mg/dL; p=0.017) and in mothers of infants with IgE levels >29 IU/ml than in mothers of infants with IgE levels <29 IU/mL (136.8 vs. 101.2 mg/mg/dL; P=0.045). Elevated colostrum sIgA (>136.8 mg/dL) was not associated with allergies in the infants (P=0.269). Conclusions Maternal atopic allergy and frequent infections are associated with increased colostrum sIgA levels. Breastmilk sIgA levels are not associated with allergies in the infant. Maternal exposure to antigens may stimulate the production of specific breastmilk sIgA.
Acne vulgaris (AV) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the polysebaceous follicles of the skin. Lesions that can be caused by AV can be in the form of papules, pustules, modules, or comedones. Based on a preliminary study, many UNISSULA Medical Faculty students have AV and many use foundation. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the duration of using foundation and the incidence of AV in Unissula Medical Faculty students. This research is an observational study with a cross sectional design. The sample is a student of FK UNISSULA Class of 2019 and 2020 who uses a waterproof foundation. The exclusion criteria for the sample were students who had not passed the module, had many activities so that they slept < 6 hours, one week before the exam, one week before and during menstruation. There were 47 respondents of UNISSUA FK female students, 17 (36.2%) female students suffered from AV and 30 (63.8%) female students did not suffer from AV. The average duration of using waterproof foundation is 4.5 hours. The results of the analysis of the relationship between the duration of using the foundation and the incidence of AV using the Spearman test obtained p 0.001, with r -0.482. The conclusion in this study was that there was a relationship between the duration of using the foundation and the incidence of AV with a moderate correlation.
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