Ismailia Canal is one of the main artificial branches of River Nile in Egypt, it is the most important one as a source of water supply for several governorates in the east of Nile Delta. In this study, phytoplankton composition and some physico-chemical parameters have been studied in twelve points along the main route of Ismailia canal between Cairo and Ismailia governorates to follow up changes in the water quality of the canal. Samples have been collected monthly in the period from February 2015 to January 2016. A total of 143 phytoplankton taxa related to 55 genera were identified related to six algal divisions namely; Chlorophyta (69 taxa), Bacillariophyta (51 taxa), Cyanophyta (18 taxa), Euglenophyta and Dinophyta (each represented by 2 taxa) and finally Xanthophyta represented by one taxon. Quantitatively, Bacillariophyta was the most dominant division with algal density represented more than 86% of average total phytoplankton count. The highest phytoplankton density was recorded in winter, while the minimum was recorded in summer. Water of Ismailia Canal was found to be slightly alkaline. Concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus and silicate were found to be markedly affected by the water level of the canal along the year as well as the pollution runoff from ambient pollution sources. Phytoplankton composition of the canal also seems to be affected by pollutants especially at the far eastern part of the canal that located in Ismailia city. On the long run increasing of industrial and agricultural runoff may affect the water quality of the canal, so continuous studies must be carried out to follow up the changes in water of the canal.
Cyanoprokaryotic taxa Nostoc paludosum Kützing ex Bornet & Flahault and Nostoc punctiforme (Kützing) Hariot may have allelopathic effects on two moss taxa, Bryum subapiculatum Hampe and Funaria hygrometrica Hedwig, grown in vitro under 66% and 99% percentages of soil water holding capacity. Nostoc filaments destroyed protonema of B. subapiculatum and arrested gametophores development of F. hygrometrica under these conditions. Colonies of the diatom Navicula cryptocephala var. veneta (Kützing) Grun. grew in a large amount and delayed the growth of B. subapiculatum.
Biosorption has emerged as a cost-effective and efficient alternative technology for removal of heavy metals which produce adverse health effects on humans and living organisms. In the present study the biosorption and desorption of cadmium, lead and zinc by Chlamydomonas variabilis, Anabaena constricta and Nitzschia linearis were evaluated. Algal species were isolated and cultivated on a large scale to get an intensive biomass sufficient for metal binding experiments. The experimental adsorption data were fitted to the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption model. Characterization of the metal-loaded biosorbent by FTIR spectrum, TEM and EDX analysis confirmed that the metal ions can bind to anionic groups due to electrostatic attraction and sorption capacity is strongly influenced from the type and number of functional groups of the biosorbent. The maximum efficiencies of Cd, Pb and Zn removal using C. variabilis were 97.9%, 96.1% and 96.1% for oven dried biomass and 96.3%, 94.2% and 94.1% for activated biomass. For dried and activated biomass prepared of A. constricta the maximum percentage of removal of heavy metals were 95.1%, 93.7%, and 93.1% and 94.3%, 96.1% and 94.1%. The maximum removals by N. linearis were 95.5%, 96.6%, 94.8% for oven dried biomass and 93%, 94.5% and 93.8% for activated one respectively. There are no clear variations in biosorption of cadmium, lead and zinc by sun dried, oven dried and activated biomass of C. variabilis, A. constricta and N. linearis. It is better to use sun dried algae as low cost biosorbent for metals removal.
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