Eddy Current Brake (ECB) is a type of electric braking that uses eddy current to produce braking forces. This article delivers a solid review of the design of Axial ECB, which is very promising for an alternative braking system. Several types of axial ECB are classified and named as a single disk, double disk, and unipolar model. The classification of axial ECB is based on the design of coil placement, which induces axial area of the disk as well as the electromagnet source. A potential issue for the development of axial ECB is also discussed to explore the braking performance improvement of the axial type ECB. It was highlighted that research on how to change the direction of magnetic field vectors by changing the shape of the pole-shoe on the electromagnetic ECB in axial type has not been widely studied. Therefore, this issue would be interesting for future investigation.
In transportation, BLDC motors are required to have high torque. This BLDC electric motor is designed to drive an electric car. Increased torque can be done in many ways one of which is the selection of the stator material. Effect on the generated torque can be studied by replacing its stator materials. Design was begun with determining the electrical circuit and the coil for the excitation power. Electric motors which was simulated in this paper was a 3-phase BLDC motor. Voltage and current data were analyzed to study the motor performance when different core materials used. It can be concluded that applying ferrite materials stator core reduced core loss, while using ferrite core on the stator slots produces higher voltages and lower currents. Based on the magnitude of the torque produced by the electric motors, ferrite materials was more suitable to be used as slots of the stator core for better motor.
Cogging torque is one of the factors that influence electric motor efficiency. Many methods have been used to reduce the cogging torque. One of the methods is the determination of the number of slots and poles fraction. This study was intended to determine the number of slots and poles fraction to get a minimum of cogging torque. Research was done by ANSYS software. By varying the number of slots and poles, the data cogging torque and torque ripple were observed. It was found that the lesser difference between the number of slots and poles produced lower cogging torque. More numbers of slots would reduce the cogging torque. The smallest cogging torque was produced at difference in the number of slots and poles of 1 and 2. For slots more than four, the cogging torque produced were irregular.
The braking torque mathematical modelling in electromagnetic eddy current brake (ECB) often ignores the skin effect that occurrs during operation. However this phenomenon can not be simply neglected. Therefore, this paper presents a mathematical model of braking torque for a unipolar axial type of ECB system with a non-magnetic disk, which considers the skin effects. The use of mathematical models that consider the existence of skin effects is significant in approaching the braking torque according to the actual condition. The utilization of generic calculations to the model of the ECB braking torque leads to invalid results. Hence, in this paper, the correction factor was added to improve the braking torque calculation as a comparator to the proposed equation. However, the modification and addition of the correction factor were only valid to estimate the low-speed regimes of torque, but very distant for the high-speed condition. From the comparison of calculated values using analytical and 3D modelling, the amount of braking torque at a low speed was found to have an average error for the equation using a correction factor of 1.78 Nm, while after repairing, a value of 1.16 Nm was obtained. For the overall speed, an average error of 14.63 Nm was achieved, while the proposed equation had a small difference of 1.79 Nm. The torque difference from the calculation results of the proposed model with the measurement value in the experiment was 4.9%. Therefore, it can be concluded that the proposed equation provided a better braking torque value approach for both low and high speeds.
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