This study aims to determine the long-term impact of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), Population (POP), Economic Complexity Index (ECI), and Energy Intensity (EI) on environmental quality as measured by carbon dioxide (CO2). The objects of this research are lower-middle income countries in the Asian region during the 2000-2018 range. The method used in this research a is Fully Modified Ordinary Least Square (FMOLS). The results of this study indicate that FDI, population, economic complexity, and energy intensity increase the amount of CO2. These results produce policies related to the environment, where the government, the private sector, and the community have the same vision to improve the quality of the environment. The policy that can be taken is by setting strict regulations for investors so that the pollution haven hypothesis does not occur in lower-income countries in Asia. The policy was adopted by imposing a carbon tax. This policy is accompanied by reducing the birth rate, increasing innovation and economic complexity by paying attention to environmental sustainability, as well as carrying out energy transformation. Thus, it is expected to reduce the spread of CO2 that lower-middle-income countries are ready to become upper-middle-income countries or even high-income countries.
Purpose: This study aims to determine whether or not there are differences in poverty gap index before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Research methodology: The analytical method used is descriptive statistical analysis and proven by the T-test Paired Sample Two Tests for Means, to poverty gap index data (P1) 2018S1-2021S2 in 34 provinces. Results: The results showed that there were differences in poverty gap index before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. This is indicated by the value of the Paired Two Sample for Means T-test, which has a t-statistic value smaller than t-critical, namely -5.2028 < 9776. According to poverty gap index ranking, there are 5 provinces that have the highest poverty gap index in the same order before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, like a Papua, West Papua, Nusa Tenggara, Maluku, and Gorontalo. Limitations: The limitation in this study is only used statictics descriptive method. Contribution: The results of this study are expected to be a reference for the government in terms of equitable distribution of social assistance by adding a poverty gap index variable to strengthen the poverty line index variable. Keywords: 1. Covid-19 2. Descriptive statistics 3. Poverty 4. Poverty gap index
The purpose of this study is to determine the causal relationship as well as the long-term and short-term relationship between total energy consumption, foreign direct investment (FDI), and labor force participation rates in OECD countries from 1994 to 2019 using Granger Causality Test and Vector Error Correction Model (VCEM). In this study, it is found that energy consumption and FDI have a two-way causality, energy consumption and the labor force participation rate have a two-way causality and FDI and the labor force participation rate have a two-way causality. In the long term, FDI has a significant positive effect on energy consumption while labor force participation has an insignificant negative effect on energy consumption. Meanwhile, in the short term, FDI and labor force participation rates have no effect. This research contributes to decision-making in the field of energy, FDI, and improving the quality and quantity of the workforce in OECD countries.
Purpose: This study aims to analyze the influence of Islamic banking which is reflected in: assets, financing, and third party funds of Islamic banking on economic growth in Indonesia. The data used in this study is time series data in the form of quarter period 2011:Q1-2020:Q4. Research methodology: This study uses regression analysis methods OLS (Ordinary Least Square) and ECM (Error Correction Model). The data used is time series data in the form of quarterly period 2011:Q1-2020:Q4. Results: The results of this study indicate that the asset variable in Islamic banking has a positive and significant effect on economic growth in Indonesia in the short and long term. The financing variable in Islamic banking has a positive and significant effect on economic growth in Indonesia in the short and long term. Likewise, the DPK (Third Party Funds) variable for Islamic banking has a positive and significant impact on economic growth in Indonesia, both in the short term and in the long term.Limitations: The limitation of this research is that there are many variables outside the model that are not included in the study. Contribution: The positive performance of the financial sector will have a positive correlation with the economic performance of a country. The financial sector can be the main source of growth in the real sector of the economy. Keywords: 1. Sharia Banking 2. Economic Growth 3. ECM (Error Correction Model)
Purpose: This research aims to analyze the effect of village funds, capital expenditures, unemployment, and education on poverty in regency in Lampung Province. Research methodology: This research uses panel data analysis method with Random Effect Model (REM). Results: The results showed that there was a negative and significant relationship between village funds on poverty, and there was a positive and significant relationship between the open unemployment rate on poverty. Meanwhile, mean years of schooling and capital expenditure variables have a negative and significant effect on poverty. Limitations: The limitation in this study is that the research area is still based on regency coverage, less specific if to analyze directly on the smallest coverage is the village. Contribution: This research is expected to be used as a consideration and reference in determining further development policies based on the data described in this study, especially in reducing poverty in Lampung Province. Keywords: 1. Poverty 2. Village Fund 3. Open Unemployment Rate 4. Capital Expenditure 5. Mean Years of Schooling
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