Kemangi (Ocimum sanctum) is commonly used as a vegetable (fresh vegetables) and traditional medicine in Indonesia. Kemangi leaves have been empirically used as an alternative medicine for wound healing. Apart from kemangi, a morphologically similar plant to kemangi, namely ruku ruku, is often used by Indonesians as a cooking spice. The leaves of ruku ruku (Ocimum tenuiflorum) have been empirically used in various alternative medicine, namely to treat fever, cough, gout, nerves, mouth sores, tinea versicolor, nausea and vomiting. The research was conducted to determine the antimicrobial activity (antibacterial and antifungal), antioxidants and phytochemical analysis of the ethanol extract of kemangi leaves and ruku ruku leaves. The extraction method used is the maceration method using 96% ethanol as a solvent. The antimicrobial test was carried out using the agar diffusion method. The bacteria used are Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus, while the fungi used are Candida albicans. Phytochemical analysis used the Harbone method, and the antioxidant test used the 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picryl Hidrazil (DPPH) method. The results showed that the extracts of kemangi and ruku ruku leaves contained flavonoid and steroid compounds. The antimicrobial test results showed that only ruku ruku leaves inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus with an inhibition zone of 9.35 mm, and the two extracts used could not inhibit the growth of the fungus Candida albicans. In contrast, the results of the antioxidant test showed that the ruku ruku and kemangi leaf extracts had an antioxidant activity with inhibition concentration 50 (IC50) values of 225.64 ppm and 455.11 ppm. Keywords: Bioactivity, Kemangi, Phytochemicals, Ruku.
Bacterial infection of Escherichia coli (E. coli) as the cause of gastrointestinal disorders in humans has increased their prevalence. Treatment using natural ingredients can be a choice of therapy because of the minimal side effects. One of the rare plants believed by the community as an antibacterial is stinking vin’e known as the ‘leaf fart’. The purpose of this research is for knowing the activity of the ethanol extract of Paederia foetida L can affect the growth of E.coli. The serial diffusion disc method is being used as the antibacterial activity test. The concentration of this extract are 10%, 20%, 40%, 80%, 100% with positive control (ciprofloxacin) and negative control (aqua dest). The inhibition zone diameter characterized the effect of Extract on bacterial growth were 6.16 mm of the concentration 10%, 6.667 mm of the concentration 20%, 7.10 mm of the concentration 40 %, 7.78 mm of the concentration 80%, and 10.03 mm of the concentration 100%. As for the negative control has no effect. The study stated that the higher concentration of antibacterial agent used, the greater the inhibition zone formed. Based on the result of the analysis of the data by using the One-Way ANOVA Test showed a probability value (p) = 0.000 or value (p) < 0.05, that H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted. The conclusion is that the Extract of stinking vin’e has an antibacterial effect on the growth of E.coli. Keywords: Antibacterial, E.coli, Extract of Sembukan leaf
Salmonella typhi is a gram-negative bacterium that is a pathogen that causes dangerous infectious diseases. The bacteria resist almost all antibiotics, such as penicillin, chloramphenicol, and methicillin. The problem of resistance has become a global problem, so new antibacterial materials are needed that can inhibit the growth of Salmonella typhi. One of the plants originating from the continent of Africa is used as a medicine to treat diarrhea, diabetes, and malaria. Where to previous studies, African leaves contain flavonoids and tannins, which can inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria. This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity of African leaf extract on the growth of Salmonella typhi. This research is an experimental study with various treatments using African leaf extract concentrations of 10%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%. Antibacterial activity test based on the presence of inhibition zones formed. The results showed differences in the inhibition zone between extract concentration treatments on the growth of Salmonella typhi bacteria. At a concentration of 100, the formation of an inhibition zone with the largest diameter of 73.9% could be seen, and at a concentration of 20%, only an inhibition zone with a diameter of 23.7%. The antibacterial activity of African leaves can inhibit the growth of Salmonella typhi bacteria because an inhibition zone is formed.
Hypertension is one of the non-communicable diseases that is becoming a global problem. Hypertension is characterized by systolic blood pressure of 140 mmHg and diastolic 90 mmHg (according to JNC VIII). Uncontrolled hypertension can lead to complications such as stroke, ischemic heart disease, heart attack, heart failure, kidney failure, blindness, etc. According to Basic Health Research (Riskesdas 2018) the prevalence of hypertension for >18 years is 8.4%, and through measurements taken in health care facilities by 34.1%. Prevalence in the city was 34.4%, in the village was 33.7%, while according to gender 31.3% (male) and 36.9% (female). The purpose of the study was to find out the knowledge and awareness of laypeople on hypertension and its therapy. This was a cross-sectional online study with 11 questions. Respondents were recruited from social media groups. Results: five hundred respondents (62.8 % female, 37.2 % male). The most age range at the age 21-40 years (36.2 %), 41-55 years (38.2%) and 56-65 years old (18.4%). Seventy-two percent of respondents did not have hypertension, and 9% said they did not know. Fifty-three percent of respondents know about the value of high blood pressure, and 89% respondents said hypertension should be treated regularly. The most hypertension complications answered by respondents were stroke (40%), heart attack (26%) and heart failure (16%). Amlodipine was the most mentioned by respondents, the second was ACE-inhibitor. However, omeprazole and omega-3 also mentioned as anti-hypertension. Genetic and a diet high in salt were risk factors that many respondents chose. Conclusion: Respondents have a good understanding on hypertension. Information related to behaviour is needed, so that prevalence does not continue to increase.
Sauropus androgynus (SA) have been used as a vegetable and medicine especially by local communities in Southeast Asia. In 1994 – 1995 reported the occurrence of lung disorders due to consuming juice made from leaves and young shoots which mostly resulted in death. The local comunities in Indonesian, SA uses a vegetables to increase the production of breast milk, therefore a confrehensive study of the use and toxicity of SA is needed. This study is based on literature studies of scientific articles or books published online or offline. The data obtained from the article is then synthesized so that information is obtained that is comprehensive about SA. Ethnobotany study of SA used as a source of vitamins, increases milk production, anti-obesity, and its processing is adjusted to the intended use. The using of SA through of fresh (without cooking) results in bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) which results in damage to the brochioles caused by papaverine compounds. Papaverine is a compound that is damaged by heating, because the use in the form of boiled vegetables is relatively safe. SA has bioactivity as an antimicrobial, antidiabetic mellitus, anti-cholesterol, anti-oxidant, anti-anemia, and increases hormones. The use of SA by means of preheating is relatively safe, but to prevent toxicity it needs to be limited to the amount of consumption and consumption over a long period of time.
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