La alteración de la dimensión vertical es un tema controvertido desde hace más de 50 años, al día de hoy no se conoce un protocolo exacto para determinar qué es la dimensión vertical adecuada para cada persona y la variación adecuada de esta a la que se puede alguna vez un paciente sin provocar algún tipo de alteración articular, muscular, funcional o estética. En este artículo de revisión de tema, se muestran los diferentes conceptos y criterios que se deben tener en cuenta para llevar a cabo el éxito los tratamientos que se realizan ya sea en pacientes dentados, editados o totalmente editados para determinar una dimensión vertical que se adaptan a cada paciente mediante parámetros como la estética facial, la salud de la articulación temporomandibular, oclusión y fonética.

Objective:To evaluate the in vitro behavior of a passive Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) microchip implanted in human molars subjected to compression forces to determine its technical and clinical viability.Materials and Methods:In vitro experimental study to evaluate the physical behavior of a passive RFID microchip (VeriChip™) implanted in human molars through resin restoration (Filtek P90™ Silorane 3M-ESPE®) to determine the clinical and technical possibilities of the implant and the viability to withstand compression forces exerted by the stomatognathic system during mastication.Results:Through the ANOVA test, it was found that the teeth on which a microchip was implanted show great resistance to compressive forces. It was also evident that teeth with microchips implanted in Class V cavities are more resistant than those implanted in Class I cavities.Conclusions:Although microchip dimensions are big, requiring a sufficiently large cavity, from the biomechanical point of view it is plausible to implant a microchip in a Class V cavity employing restoration material based on resin for forensic purposes of human identification.

SUMMARYObjective: To describe the macroscopicchanges of titanium and fiberglass postscemented in human premolars subjectedto high temperatures for forensic purposes.Materials and methods: An in Vitro experimentalstudy was conducted to observethe macroscopic physical changes of dentaltissues (enamel, dentine and cement), ofmaterials of conventional endodontic use(gutta-percha Wave One® Maillefer Dentsply®, endodontic cement with epoxic resinTop Seal® Maillefer Dentsply®), postscement Relyx TM ARC 3M ESPE®) andof the titanium posts (Tenax® EndodonticPost System Coltene®) and fiberglassposts (Tenax® Fiber Trans Coltene®) in124 human teeth, exposed to five ranks oftemperature 200ºC, 400ºC, 600ºC, 800ºC,1000ºC (three teeth at each temperature).Results: The studied tissues and dentalmaterials used in this study, offer greatresistance to high temperatures, exhibitingconsiderably variation of their macrostructure,in a way that the physical changes(dimensional stability, fissures, cracks,fractures, texture, color, carbonization andincineration) can serve to identify them andto associate such changes to each rank ofspecific temperature.Conclusion: The titanium and fiberglassposts cemented in human premolars offergreat resistance to the action of high tem-peratures. In the same way, they presentspecific changes associated to the dentaltissues that can contribute with the processof identification and medico-legal necropsyof a corpse or burned, incinerated or carbonizedhuman rests.Key words: Forensic dentistry, humanidentification, dental tissues, dental materials,endodontics, high temperatures.

Summary:Objective: to evaluate dental enamel surface alterations after bleaching treatments with Hydrogenperoxide and Fluoride. Methods: Extracted pre-molars were analys under SEM after bleachingtreatment; the samples were storaged in saline solution. Two phases were made, without and withfluoride application after bleaching treatment using Nitewhite® and Zoom2® as bleaching agents, theshade was taken at baseline and after the bleaching procedure. Results: 36.6% of samples showedmoderate alterations and 32.9% showed severe enamel alterations. Post/treatment with fluoride showedvariable outcomes, but mild alterations in the fluoride/treated samples were found to be morefrequent, A statistically significant result was found among fluoride/treated and non/treated groupsafter bleaching (P<0.005) chisquare test. In contrast, within fluoride/treated groups it was notfound significant differences. Conclusions: The use of high concentrated in/office carbamideperoxide may require limited application sessions as recommended by the manufacturer. The use ofpost/treatment fluoride may bring great benefit to patient’s dental hypersensitivity. Key words:Carbamide Peroxide. Hydrogen Peroxide. Enamel roughness. Fluoride. Remineralization.

Summary: Internal dental whitening is a procedure to improve patient´s aestethetic through removalof crown surface stains. External cervical resorption is one of the main disadventages andconsequence of dental withening. This pilot study looked for a possible communication between thepulpar camera and the root surface by measuring microfiltration of the bleaching agent among twoendodontic sealing materials. 16 single rooted premolars were studied using standard andconventional endodontic treatment. There was tree experimental groups. Group 1 was a 4 teeth sealed2 with glass ionomer and the rest (2 teeth) with fluid resin. Group 2 contained 6 teeth sealedinmediately after endodontic treatment, 3 with fluid resin and the rest with galls ionomer. Group 3was composed by 6 teeth sealed one week after endodontic treatment sealed 3 with fluid resin ansanother 3 with glass ionomer. Teeth groups 2 and 3 were exposed to internal bleaching with sodiumperborate and 30% hydrogen peroxide all teeth specimens were stained with methylene blue and afterembebed under epoxic resin and cotted with microtome and analised under the stereoscophicmicroscope. The conclusion, all teeth showed dye percolation of the bleachy agent towards the root,with one tooth exception sealend with glass ionomer belong to the group in wich the procedure wasperformed one week after endodontic treatment. Key words: Internal whitening. Hydrogene peroxide.Internal root resorption.