Data on births and oestrus cycles of 531 randomly sampled female dogs in Lima, Peru, were collected during 1974. Changes in the proportions of puppies in the canine population throughout the year were similar to the seasonal distribution of canine rabies. This finding has implication for the funding and thrust of any control programme.
Objective. To report demographic and substance use characteristics and risk of road traffic injury (RTI) from alcohol use, cannabis use, and combined use in a sample of emergency department patients from two countries in Latin America and the Caribbean. Methods. A cross-sectional study in which patients 18 years and older admitted within six hours of suffering an RTI to one emergency department in Santa Domingo, Dominican Republic (n = 501) and in Lima, Peru (n = 431) were interviewed. Case-crossover analysis, based on self-reported use prior to the RTI, was used to analyze risk from alcohol, cannabis, and co-use. Results. Overall, 15.3% reported alcohol use prior to the event and 2.5% cannabis use. Drivers using alcohol only were over twice as likely to have an RTI (OR = 2.46, p < 0.001), and nearly eight times more likely if using both alcohol and cannabis (OR = 6.89, p < 0.01), but risk was not elevated for cannabis alone. Significant differences were not found for passengers or pedestrians. Conclusions. Risk of RTI for drivers in these two samples is significantly elevated from alcohol use, and more so for co-use with cannabis. Differences between the two countries underscore the need for similar data from the region to determine risk of RTI from substance use, including risk for passengers and pedestrians. Data suggest that alcohol contributes significantly to the burden of RTI, which calls for more stringent enforcement of alcohol control policy related to drink driving in the region.
ObjectiveDetermine the relationship between the hours of restriction ‘Safe Time’ and those killed by traffic accidents (TA).Material and methodsDescriptive research based on the monthly report made by Lima Metropolitana Municipality (LM), from database of the Legal Medicine Institute, registered from 2011 to 2017, with a unit and bivariate analysis characterizing TA, deceased and its relationship with the time of occurrence, day of the week, sex and age, alcohol consumption and data from the National Police on frequency of AT and age and sex of deceased.ResultsIt is evident that there is a relationship between the variables, considering also that the growth of the vehicle fleet is parallel to the TA. Thus, the department of Lima has a frequency of cases and deaths lower than expected, showing that it is necessary to measure the occurrence by districts. The percentage of female deaths in Lima is 19% and 23% in the rest of the country, 67% between 26 to 60 years and in the rest of the country 57%, with fewer young men dying. Temporary deaths decreased every day of the week and hours at dawn. The highest frequency of deaths is related to the number of hours spent.ConclusionsThe decrease in deaths due to AT in LM is lower than in other countries, possibly due to the lack of commitment of some of the 43 municipalities; however, the change in age and sex after the intervention is like that in Cali. The ‘safe time’ has evidence for its application throughout the country.
El objetivo de la presente investigación fue determinar la relación entre los Horarios de expendio de licores “Hora Segura” y los muertos por choques de tránsito y atropellos, homicidios y suicidios. La investigación descriptiva en base a los reportes mensuales que realiza la Municipalidad Metropolitana de Lima (LM), Perú de la base de datos del Instituto de Medicina Legal (IML) registrados del 2015 al 2017, con un análisis bivariado y riesgos relativos, caracterizando a los fallecidos por muertes violentas y su relación con sexo, edad y consumo de alcohol. Existe una disminución significativa de víctimas alcoholizadas en todas las muertes violentas excepto el suicidio de mujeres, entre el 2015 y 2017. La mayor disminución porcentual en los homicidios de alcoholizados se produjo en las mujeres, significando una reducción del feminicidio. La media de edad se desplaza en frecuencias conforme pasan los años, con excepción del suicidio en mujeres entre el año base (2015) contra el 16 y 17. Las víctimas son mayores en los alcoholizados de LM, coherente con lo publicado por el anuario estadístico de la Policía Nacional, tanto en edad como en sexo. Se concluye que la disminución de muertes violentas y los cambios en edad y sexo en LM debería ser consecuencia de la política pública y los eficaces controles policiales. La “hora segura” tiene evidencias para su aplicación en todo el país. La hora segura es una estrategia eficaz para enfrentar el feminicidio.
Esta investigación realizada en cinco municipios rurales de Venezuela, estuvo orientada a evidenciar como las políticas públicas saludables son consecuencia de un conjunto de interacciones entre el Estado y la sociedad civil que impulsan la construcción de nuevas articulaciones politicas y sociales, determinando una práctica local para la salud y el bienestar. Se selecciono el paradigma cualitativo, asumiendo la fenomenología así como elementos hermenéuticos. El estudio demostró la construcción colectiva de propuestas hacia una nueva cultura política dirigida a universalizar los derechos básicos, la justicia y equidad. Los significados revelaron que las políticas públicas saludables constituyen una secuencia de respuestas integradas y sostenidas, resultado de procesos multisectoriales y transdisciplinarios del Estado con mediación social, cuyas dinámicas participativas garantizan llevar objetivos comunes a la praxis y asumir compromisos con el fin de actuar sobre aquellos determinantes sociales de la salud que determinan las transformaciones sobre la calidad de vida.
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