This paper investigates the difference in the frequency with which adults and young children make slips of the tongue. The slips analyzed were taken from two corpora of speech. The first consists of the speech of one child in interaction with her mother; the second corpus consists of the speech of eight children in interaction with their teacher. The results suggest that young children make significantly fewer slips than do adults. This finding is consistent with a psychoanalytic understanding of slips--i.e., that young children should make fewer slips because they are less inclined to suppress and repress ideas and impulses.
In 2011, nearly 13 million nonsurgical cosmetic procedures were performed, representing a 6% increase from the previous year. Patients often present with unrealistic treatment expectations based on beauty industry standards and misinformation. In addition, because of the lack of competency standardization in this area, providers frequently deliver inconsistent educational information to their patients. The initial goal of the project was to evaluate the clinician-guided module, a 13-slide PowerPoint presentation that was disseminated to key stakeholders for preliminary review. A convenience sample of 10 women, aged 30-64 years, was recruited. Following exposure to the module, each participant was asked to fill out an evaluation composed of both closed- and open-ended responses, noting her experience with this type of educational tool. Quantitative data were analyzed using comparison of means, whereas qualitative data were examined for the emergence of themes. Initial findings suggested that patients and health care providers found the clinician-guided module informative and visually appealing and that they would recommend this module to peers and colleagues. Potential social change from this project may surface through increased patient knowledge and empowerment, awareness, safety, and satisfaction. The final project will compare the clinician-guided patient information module to standard patient information evaluating treatment expectations of dermal fillers. The ultimate impact of a clinician-guided information module may improve standardization in this arena and thus be of particular interest to members of the nonsurgical cosmetic community.
The nonsurgical cosmetic arena continues to grow, with more people consistently seeking minimally invasive procedures for facial rejuvenation. However, although these prospective patients are not seeking surgical correction to obtain their results, there is still the potential for nonsurgical procedures to yield adverse events posttreatment. Patients often do not realize that their dietary regimens may affect their nonsurgical cosmetic outcomes. For example, many patients desiring these types of treatments are often found to be taking prescription medications, herbs, and spices on a daily basis that may have the capacity to potentiate adverse outcomes such as bleeding and/or bruising. For these reasons, it is important for clinicians to be inclusive while taking health histories and to properly educate their patients so that administered treatments have the best chance of yielding the desired results. The focus of this article is to provide health care providers information on many of the herbs and spices that have the potential to negatively impact nonsurgical cosmetic outcomes.
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