As rodovias têm sido apontadas como uma das principais causas antrópicas que influenciam na mortalidade da fauna silvestre. Aqui, nós investigamos o efeito da paisagem sobre a comunidade de mamíferos atropelados em um trecho de 50 km da rodovia GO-164, sul de Goiás, Brasil. Nós dividimos o trecho em 10 quadrantes de 25 km² cada (unidades amostrais), nos quais obtivemos a abundância, riqueza e composição de mamíferos atropelados em resposta a dois preditores da paisagem: distância para o cursod'água e percentual de cobertura vegetal nativa. Encontramos que a riqueza de mamíferos atropelados é maior, quanto menor a distância para o curso-d'água, e que a composição da fauna de mamíferos atropelados é influenciada pelo percentual de cobertura de vegetação nativa na paisagem. Concluímos que há uma variação espacial dirigida pelas características da paisagem, que influenciam na ocorrência de atropelamentos de mamíferos.Palavras-chave: distância do rio, ecologia de estradas, quantidade de habitat, riqueza de espécies EFFECTS OF LANDSCAPE ON ROADKILL OF MEDIUM AND LARGE-SIZED MAMMALS IN SOUTHERN GOIÁS, BRAZIL.The highways have been identified as one of the main anthropogenic causes that influences the mortality of wildlife. Here, we investigated the effects of landscape structure on the roadkill mammal species in a section of 50-km of the highway GO-164, southern Goiás, Brazil. We divided the section of 10 quadrants of 25 km² (sampling units), in which we measured abundance, richness, and species composition of roadkill mammals in response to two predictors of the landscape: distance to the river and percentage of habitat amount. We found that the richness of roadkill mammals is higher closer to the river and that roadkill mammalian species composition is affected by the habitat amount in the landscape. We conclude that there is a spatial variation driven by the landscape characteristics, which influences the occurrence of mammal roadkill.

Litter size and reproductive conditions are important in natural history. However, this information is scarce in scientific literature. Here, we presented litter size data for eight small mammal species (four marsupials and four rodents) and investigated the reproductive conditions of three small rodent species in the transition between the Atlantic Forest and Cerrado in central Brazil. We counted the number of young born, the number of embryos found in the uterus, and recorded the presence of well-developed teats and evident scrotum to evaluate the reproductive condition. The litter sizes ranged from one (Oecomys bicolor) to 11 (Gracilinanus agilis and Marmosa murina). We did not find evidence of reproductive seasonality. The pattern found here is similar to other studies carried out in different locations of South America.

Marsupials and rodents are two of the most specious mammalian group, displaying a variety of diet and feeding habits. However, the knowledge about diet for several small mammal species is scant in the scientific literature, and most species are classified as insectivore-omnivore (marsupials), or frugivore-graminivore (rodents). In this study, we described diet composition based on digestive tract contents of 12 species of small mammals (7-rodents and 5-marsupials), in semi-deciduous forest fragments of Central Brazil. We analysed 47 digestive tract contents belong to Calomys tener (10), Oecomys bicolor (10), Gracilinanus agilis (6), Marmosa murina (5), Rhipidomys macrurus (5), Calomys expulsus (2), Cryptonanus chacoensis (2), Monodelphis kunsi (2), Oecomys catherinae (2), Caluromys philander (1), Oligoryzomys mattogrossae (1) and Necromys lasiurus (1). We found parts of arthropods and fruits in the digestive tract of all species, with the exception of N. lasiurus, which contained only arthropods. The most representative arthropod taxa were Hymenoptera (present in 11 species), Coleoptera (9 spp.), Arachnida (7 spp.) and Isoptera (6 spp.). The seeds of Piperaceae (present in 3 small mammal species), Myrtaceae (2 spp.) and Poaceae (1 sp.) were also identified. This study reports the first records of diet composition for the marsupials C. chacoensis and M. murina, and rodents C. expulsus, C. tener, O. bicolor, O. catherinae and R. macrurus. Our findings contribute to understanding the diet composition and natural history of the Brazilian Savanna small mammals.

O aumento da descrição de novas espécies de mamíferos é notório mundialmente e o Brasil segue essa tendência. Nessa perspectiva, o comitê de coleções zoológicas instaurado pela SBMz listou 58 coleções, que configuram uma ferramenta base na descrição da diversidade de mamíferos brasileiros. A CMUEG conta com 126 exemplares, 41 espécies, 38 gêneros, 15 famílias e 9 ordens de mamíferos não voadores de pequeno, médio e grande porte. Entre os tipos de registro temos os fotográficos, e os de pele e crânio. Esperamos contribuir local e nacionalmente com a CMUEG, e assim captar recursos para sua manutenção.

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