Abstract. Following remarks on terminology and definition the paper begins with a historical retrospective giving a short description and analysis of the stages of development of archival science since the 16th century. It centers on the emancipation of theoretical and applied archival science to an independent discipline of arts regarding research and doctrine during the last 50 years. It investigates the aims of cognition, objects (contents and methodical structure), methods and results of research conducted up to now, then the channels of scientific cormnunication and doctrine. Furthermore in treats the importance of interdisciplinary orientation, the reciprocal effects of archival science and the description of the profession as well as the relationship between regional and global elements in theoretical and applied archival science. The paper ends by referring to some current desiderata of research and the roll of ICA in the further development of archival science.Keywords: archival science, historical development, theoretical and applied discipline of arts Archivwissenschaft, archivfstica, archival science, archivistique, even the existence and the frequent use of these terms allows the hypothesis, that an autonomous discipline exists worldwide, that strives with specific methods for a secured, and accountable knowledge that can be communicated among scholars. Professional journals, handbooks, the curricula of archives schools, courses offered by universities, and programs of congresses and professional conferences allow us to deduce the following points of interest:-The archives as institution and organisation -The archives as material of documentation and information -Archival processing as the function of the archivist This applies to the past, present and the future.On the quest for the European beginnings of a perceivable systematic pursuit of these matters the first distinct traces can be found in the 16th century.
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