Mössbauer spectroscopy and related synchrotron radiation‐based nuclear resonance techniques are powerful albeit specialized methods that provide unique insights into the dynamics and coordination of atoms by probing transitions between a nuclear excited state and a nuclear ground state. This chapter provides examples that bear a relation to solid‐state chemistry of how Mössbauer spectroscopy has contributed to our understanding of the structure and properties of materials. A most informative quantity that can be obtained from a Mössbauer spectroscopy experiment is the isomer shift δ. Empirically, this quantity is obtained from the center of mass of a particular component or subspectrum. Whereas the isomer shift provides a localized measure of the electronic density at the nucleus ‐ a Coulomb‐type charge monopole interaction ‐ the quadrupole splitting of the nuclear levels measures the distortion of the spatial distribution of the electronic charge around the nucleus.
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