The rapid changes in industrial revolution 4.0 demand change in education, especially at vocational education. Teachers in Vocational High School (VHS) in Indonesia are expected to bring technology-based innovations to achieve success in learning. Learning facilities are one of the factors supporting the success of learning class. Ideally, Indonesian Vocational High Schools have facilities and infrastructure following industrial. Currently, schools have difficulty providing learning support facilities and infrastructure following those in the industry. Thus, the equipment in the school laboratory is irrelevant to the existing equipment in the industry. The practicum apparatus gap between VHS and industry requires appropriate and effective solutions. The gap occurred in practical learning of micro power generation Indonesian VHS. On the other hand, virtual laboratories in the learning process can help students learn an object that cannot be presented in the classroom. By using virtual laboratories, students learn to use industry apparatus through virtual forms. This research aims to overcome the problem of practical learning in VHS, especially on practical learning of micro power generation through the virtual laboratory. This study used the 4D model approach (Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate). The result showed that the virtual laboratory of micropower generation effectively supported learning and transfer of knowledge in practical learning, especially during the covid 19 pandemics.
This research conducted microgravity experiments to investigate the flame-spread characteristics of the fueldroplet-cloud element with uneven droplet spacing, which is a basic element of a randomly distributed droplet cloud at the critical condition for group-combustion occurrence. Flame spread to a droplet followed by burning with two-droplet interaction was observed in microgravity to investigate the effect of flame-spread direction and local interactive effect. The results show that the flame-spread rate to a droplet in a perpendicular direction to the axis of two interacting droplets was greater than that to the droplet in the same direction as the axis of two interacting droplets. The temperature distribution around burning droplets was measured by the Thin Filament Pyrometry (TFP) method based on radiation from 14-micron SiC fibers suspending droplets at their intersections. The flame-spread-limit distance increased with two-droplet interaction in both flame-spread directions. This also shows the dependence of the flame-spread direction. The flame spreading after two-droplet interaction in different directions is discussed considering the temperature distribution development. An approximation of the flame-spread-limit distance is also presented.
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