Three pigeons were trained on oddity matching in which either 1, 4, 8, 16, or 32 samplekey observing responses were required to turn off the sample stimuli and turn on the comparison stimuli. Oddity accuracy increased when the observing-response requirement was raised and decreased when the requirement was lowered. Next, while the observing requirement was maintained at one response, the number of responses required to the comparison stimuli was either 1, 4, 8, 16, or 32. Under these conditions, choice was defined as the comparison that first accumulated the required number of responses. In general, increasing the comparison-response requirement decreased accuracy and lowering the comparison requirement increased accuracy. The fixed-ratio observing requirements appeared to facilitate control by stimuli serving an instructional function.
3 pigeons were trained on a conditional discrimination in which fixed-ratio 10 and fixed-ratio 20 were randomly scheduled on the center of 3 response keys. Reinforcement was contingent upon the choice of a green side key on fixed-ratio 10 trials and upon a red side key on fixed-ratio 20 trials. Performance was compared on alternating spatial and nonspatial sessions. During spatial sessions, red was always presented on the left-side key and green was always presented on the right. During nonspatial sessions, the location of the two side-key colors was randomized across trials. Accuracy of spatial choice was higher than during nonspatial choice.
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