No abstract

Hypertension is one of the most common and most prevalent diseases in the world today. Chronic inflammation is one of the risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Since synovial inflammation plays a role in the initial stages of osteoarthritis (OA), therefore, the side effects of OA are the incidence of CVD. One of the most appropriate methods for treating this disease is the use of medicinal herbs that have a blood pressure modifying effect Due to OA as Papaver rhoeas. The present research shows The Effects of Extract of Papaver rhoeas on Blood Pressure of rats with OA and Its Interaction with nitrergic System. OA model in 35 male rats was created by injection of monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) into the right knee joint and then were gavaged with extract of Papaver rhoeas for 30 days.  On day 30, the veins and arteries of the animal were then cannulated for injection and measurement of blood pressure, respectively. Blood pressure parameters (systolic, diastolic, mean arterial pressure) were recorded in groups before and after L-NAME injection. The results were analyzed using SPSS software. Systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressure in response to extract of Papaver rhoeas was reduced compared to control(OA), as well as Significant decrease in systolic and diastolic pressure and mean arterial pressure and increased heart beat rate in the presence of extract and LNAME as compared with control group. (P <0/05) .We found that the aqueous extract of Papaver rhoeas has a decreasing effect on blood pressure in rats with OA. This effect may be due to inhibition of the nitrergic system.

The Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM) is the condition of a lack of carbohydrate and protein stores in the body that trigger chronic failure nutrient intake and body maintenance function caused to impact the heart functions. The NT-pro-BNP and Hs- Troponin I proteins were found as the indicator of cardiac dysfunction. The sixty subjects of PEM, analyzed by standard of Indonesia Healt Ministry as well as nutritional status. The blood electrolytes examined by laboratory assay and the levels of Hs-Troponin 1 and NT-Pro-BNP were analyzed by Immune-Chromatography method. Assessing of the ventricular mass with the seeing the peak of the diastolic flow rate of left ventricular that estimated by the curve of the receiver operating characteristic and the area under the curve (P<0.05). The result has shown that the PEM decreased in the left ventricular mass for impaired heart function and systolic disorder. The Hs- Troponin I (90.9%) has better sensitivity than NT-pro-BNP (85.5%) if the merger of those markers possesses the lowest sensitivity (81.8%). These proteins have good biomarkers in heart function, mainly in cases where PEM is present.

Latar belakang. Hipertensi pada anak masih mendapat perhatian yang serius karena dapat menimbulkan cacat menetap dan berakibat kematian. Prevalensi hipertensi anak tidak diketahui secara pasti, dilaporkan sekitar 1%-5%. Hipertensi tersering yang dijumpai di rumah sakit rujukan adalah hipertensi sekunder. Tujuan. Mengetahui profil klinis dan respon terapi pasien hipertensi pada anak di ruang rawat inap anak RSUD Zainoel Abidin (RSUDZA), Banda Aceh selama periode 5 tahun.Metode. Penelitian deskriptif retrospektif untuk melihat gambaran hipertensi pada anak di RSUDZA. Data diperoleh dari catatan medik pasien hipertensi sejak tahun 2007- 2011. Data dikumpulkan berdasarkan derajat hipertensi, penyakit yang mendasari hipertensi, dan pengobatan yang diberikan.Hasil. Selama 5 tahun (2007-2011), terdapat 41 pasien hipertensi (26 laki-laki dan 15 perempuan). Hipertensi derajat satu 10 orang, derajat dua 16 orang, dan hipertensi krisis 15 orang. Umur tersering adalah 10-11 tahun. Tidak terdapat hubungan antara rerata umur dengan derajat hipertensi. Penyakit yang mendasari adalah 16 orang glomerolunefritis akut, 13 sindrom nefrotik, 7 gagal ginjal kronik, serta 5 penyakit lainnya. Tidak terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara penyakit yang mendasari dengan derajat hipertensi. Respon pengobatan hipertensi dengan satu macam obat 9 orang, dua obat 19, dan 13 respon dengan gabungan tiga atau lebih obat. Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara jumlah obat dengan derajat hipertensi.Kesimpulan. Hipertensi pada anak di RSUDZA paling sering terdapat anak berumur 10-11 tahun. Penyebab tersering adalah glomerulonefritis akut. Terdapat hubungan bermakna antara jumlah obat yang diberikan dengan derajat hipertensi.

Kejang demam adalah bangkitan kejang yang terjadi pada kenaikan suhu tubuh  di atas 380C yang disebabkan oleh suatu proses ekstrakranium. Kejang demam merupakan salah satu kejadian bangkitan kejang yang sering dijumpai pada anak balita dan merupakan peristiwa yang mengkhawatirkan bagi orang tua, dan tingginya angka kejadian dimasyarakat. Salah satu faktor yang dapat menyebabkan kejang demam adalah anemia defisiensi besi karena besi memiliki peran penting dalam fungsi penghantaran serabut saraf. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan anemia defisiensi besi dengan kejang demam. Penelitian ini dilakukan secara potong lintang. Populasi penelitian adalah semua pasien anak umur 1–5 tahun yang didiagnosis kejang demam yang dirawat di RSUD dr. Zainoel Abidin tahun 2019 yang tercatat pada rekam medis. Jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini ada 40 orang terdiri dari 23 subyek dengan kejang demam sederhana dan 17 subyek dengan kejang demam kompleks. Variabel yang diteliti adalah usia, jenis kelamin, suhu tubuh, faktor genetik dan anemia defisiensi besi. Hasil penelitian didapatkan kejang demam sederhana 23(57.5%) dan kejang demam kompleks 17(42.5%). Jenis kelamin laki-laki didapatkan paling banyak yaitu 25(62.5%) ,suhu tubuh ≥390C 21(52.5%) subyek, faktor genetik yang mempengaruhi terjadinya kejang demam yaitu 17(42.5%). Anemia defisiensi besi didapatkan pada sebagian besar kejang demam yaitu 30(75%). Pada kejang demam kompleks didapatkan persentase anemia defisiensi besi lebih tinggi yaitu 15/17(88.2%). Fokus infeksi penyebab kejang demam adalah sebagian besar infeksi saluran pernafasan atas yaitu 37/40(92.5%). Terdapat gambaran anemia defisiensi besi pada sebagian besar pada subyek kejang demam pada anak balita di RSUD dr. Zainoel Abidin Banda Aceh pada tahun 2019.

Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) is among the most common risk factors for cardiovascular disease in the world with prevalence of more than 500 million population in 2021. Cardiac fibrosis with its complex process has been hypothesized as one of the mechanisms explaining development of heart failure in diabetic patients. Recently, the biomolecular mechanism of cardiac fibrosis in the hyperglycemia setting has been focusing around transforming growth factor β-1 (TGFβ-1) as a major factor. However, there is interplay role of several factors including microRNAs (miRNAs) which acts as a potential regulator of cardiac fibrosis connected with TGFβ-1. In this review, we explored interplay role of several factors including microRNAs which acts as a potential regulator of cardiac fibrosis connected with TGFβ-1 in diabetes mellitus. This narrative review included articles from the PubMed and Science Direct databases published in the last 10 years (2012–2022). Main text In diabetic patients, excessive activation of myofibroblasts occurs and triggers pro-collagen to convert into mature collagen to fill the cardiac interstitial space resulting in a pathological process of extracellular matrix remodeling. The balance between matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and its inhibitor (tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase, TIMP) is crucial in degradation of the extracellular matrix. Diabetes-related cardiac fibrosis is modulated by increasing level of TGF-β1 mediated by cellular components, including cardiomyocyte and non-cardiomyocyte cells involving fibroblasts, vascular pericytes smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, mast cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells. Several miRNAs such as miR-21, miR-9, miR-29, miR-30d, miR-144, miR-34a, miR-150, miR-320, and miR-378 are upregulated in diabetic cardiomyopathy. TGF-β1, together with inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress, combined sma and the mothers against decapentaplegic (smad) protein, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and microRNAs, is interconnectedly involved in extracellular matrix production and fibrotic response. In this review, we explored interplay role of several factors including microRNAs which acts as a potential regulator of cardiac fibrosis connected with TGFβ-1 in diabetes mellitus. Conclusions Long-term hyperglycemia activates cardiac fibroblast via complex processes involving TGF-β1, miRNA, inflammatory chemokines, oxidative stress, smad, or MAPK pathways. There is increasing evidence of miRNA’s roles lately in modulating cardiac fibrosis.

Pulmonary hypertension is a cardiovascular disease with high mortality and morbidity affecting various aspects, including prognosis and quality of life. Limiting physical exercise in patients with pulmonary hypertension was initially suggested because it worsened the patient's clinical condition.  Recently clinicians have begun to focus on the role of physical activity in patients with pulmonary hypertension. Despite limitations of literature that describe the role of physical exercise in pulmonary hypertension,  this paper is expected to provide an overview and the extent of implementing physical exercise in health centers. In our review, the data collection for eligible articles was conducted from 1st January 2011 until 4th January 2021 using the PubMed database undertaken English language. The search algorithm used in this paper is "Exercise" OR "Physical Activity" AND "Pulmonary Hypertension." Manual search methods were also has been used to find the topic-related articles. According to our synthesis of physical exercise in patients with pulmonary hypertension, it is safe to apply under the supervision of cardiac rehabilitation experts. Initial assessment, exercise capacity adjustment, and monitoring during physical exercise are essential to avoid adverse events during exercise. Regular physical exercise over 12 weeks can increase exercise capacity, improve quality of life, improve prognostic and life expectancy. Otherwise, the application of physical exercise under ten weeks does not always show significant results, and the application for less than eight weeks shows unsatisfactory results. In conclusion, the use of physical exercise in pulmonary hypertension has not been optimally utilized in cardiac rehabilitation centers

Latar belakang. Demam pada kejang demam dapat disebabkan oleh proses infeksi yang dimungkinkan terjadi akibat malnutrisi pada balita dan digambarkan dalam penilaian status gizi. Tujuan. Mengetahui hubungan status gizi dengan usia kejang demam pertama pada anak.Metode. Penelitian analitik cross-sectional dengan pendekatan retrospektif menggunakan data sekunder rekam medis pasien rawat inap kejang demam anak periode Januari – Desember 2019 di RSUD Prof. Dr. M. A. Hanafiah SM, Batusangkar, Sumatera Barat. Sampel penelitian terdiri atas 95 anak dengan kejang demam pertama yang dipilih dengan teknik consecutive sampling. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada 07 sampai dengan 21 November 2020. Pengolahan data menggunakan analisis univariat, bivariat dengan uji korelasi Spearman. Hasil. Anak dengan kejang demam pertama memiliki gizi baik (50,5% berdasarkan indeks IMT/U dan 51,6% berdasarkan indeks BB/PB atau BB/TB), dan berada dalam kelompok umur batita (12 bulan ≤ usia kejang demam pertama <36 bulan) dengan rata – rata usia kejang demam pertama 24,42 bulan. Uji Spearman menunjukkan tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara status gizi dengan usia kejang demam pertama baik berdasarkan indeks IMT/U (p=0,260) maupun berdasarkan indeks BB/PB atau BB/TB (p=0,386).Kesimpulan. Tidak terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara status gizi dengan usia kejang demam pertama pada anak.