This study focuses on deixis in pragmatics. This study aims to determine the types of deixis in theAvengers: End Game film and to explain the function of each type of deixis based on the deixistheory of Levinson (1983). The object of this research is utterances containing deixis in the movieAvengers: End Game. In this research, the method used in analyzing the data is a qualitativedescriptive method, so that the results of this study are described descriptively and in detail, not inthe form of numbers. This study resulted in findings in the form of five types of deixis in Avengers:End Game based on Levinson's (1983) theory, namely person deixis, time deixis, place deixis,discourse deixis, and social deixis, besides this research shows the function of each deixis, namelydesignates an object.
Humans have gone through many incidents, both good and bad experiences, and sometimes these experiences are shared with others in the form of stories. The stories, as one of the forms of literary works, would be nothing without the created characters within them because they provide the viewers with a purpose and a reason for us to learn about what happens in the story. Besides, they act as one important element in the movie with various psychological effects. This research aims to analyze the characteristics and the hierarchy of human needs, especially esteem needs, that appear in the main character named Will Traynor in the ‘Me Before You’ movie directed by Thea Sharrock. This study uses descriptive data analysis which describes a phenomenon and the main character in the movie. The results revealed seven characters comprising the esteem needs hierarchy: sensitive, open-minded, friendly, kind, confident, humble, and stubborn. The esteem needs hierarchy is the desire to have the need to be approved, valued, and recognized to have some self-esteem. This is striking in the movie because of the status of the character, Will Traynor as a lord, and Louisa Clark who is only a maid and has no superiority over Will in her life. The findings imply the personality of humans differ in their characters and psychology as shown from the esteem needs hierarchy in Will’s personality expressing the different types of characteristics.
This study aims at examining students’ perception of peer evaluation in a group oral presentation by English for Academic Purposes (EAP) students at the University of Indonesia. Questionnaires were administered after the peer evaluation process to 65 students studying EAP taught at the University of Indonesia. The peer assessment was incorporated into the course to seek out whether and to what extent their speaking skills may enhance and to investigate students’ attitudes towards this form of evaluation in oral presentations. Data were obtained through a Likert scale questionnaire of peer evaluation. Data were analyzed using SPSS Software. The results specified a statistically significant result of the use of peer evaluation in oral presentation. The findings of the present study suggest that, when assessment criteria are definitely established, peer assessment empowers students to evaluate the performance of their peers in a manner comparable to those of the teachers. The responses from the questionnaires show that the evaluation and comments given by students were considered fair, useful and sufficient. Results also suggest that students strongly agree to the use of this methodology because comments and evaluations given are useful for making improvements. Nevertheless, the students preferred teachers to peers to evaluate their performance in the discussion and they wanted to get more instructive comments from the teachers. As for its limitations, students highlight the responsibility that comes with it and a certain amount of distrust in fellow students’ abilities to peer-assess. The teacher’s possible roles in peer evaluation are presented at the conclusion of this study.
Purpose of the study: The present research purports to find out the most favourable number of options used in the Multiple Choice (MC) format for Senior High Schools in Indonesian National Examinations (UN) and suggest the testing division within the Indonesia ministry of education to consider the result of the study Methodology: Two English tests using MC questions with five options, consisting of 50 questions per test format, were used as the elicitation devices for this research. One of these English tests was rewritten to create four options by deleting the non-functioning distractors in each question. Both tests with different MC test formats were administered to 2 groups within two state Senior High Schools (SMA). The Classical Method and Rasch Analysis were utilized to compare item facility, item discrimination, distractor measure correlation, and reliabilities across the two MC test formats. To corroborate the findings of the study, questionnaires were randomly distributed to 120 SMA students and 15 SMA English teachers. Main Findings: The findings suggested that four options were more difficult than five options. There was significant change observed in Item Facility (p<0.05) and Item Discrimination across the two MC test formats. Based on the questionnaire data analysis, the four-option is the more optimal and preferable format to be used in the National Examinations. Applications of this study: Regarding the practicality issues like saving time and money for implementing the tests, minimizing the amount of time and effort needed for test-makers to create the tests, and also reducing the risk of providing implausible distractors for developing MC tests, this study concluded that the four-option MC format is more optimal to be used for Indonesian National Examinations in Senior High School. Novelty/Originality of this study: The testing division within the Indonesia Ministry of Education uses different numbers of MC options in Elementary, Junior High, and Senior High Schools examinations. The Ministry has predetermined three options for elementary schools, four options for junior high schools, and five options for senior high school students. The decision made the researchers of the present study eager to find out whether the use of MC format with reduced options in the UN SMA will produce the same results or maybe increase or reduce the efficiency, effectiveness, reliability, and practicality of the test administration. This is the first study to compare the number of choices in the MC test format used in Indonesian National Examinations.
This study aims at examining students' perception of peer evaluation in a group oral presentation by English for Academic Purposes (EAP) students at the University of Indonesia. Questionnaires were administered after the peer evaluation process to 65 students studying EAP taught at the University of Indonesia. The peer assessment was incorporated into the course to seek out whether and to what extent their speaking skills may enhance and to investigate students' attitudes towards this form of evaluation in oral presentations. Data were obtained through a Likert scale questionnaire of peer evaluation. Data were analyzed using SPSS Software. The results specified a statistically significant result of the use of peer evaluation in oral presentation. The findings of the present study suggest that, when assessment criteria are definitely established, peer assessment empowers students to evaluate the performance of their peers in a manner comparable to those of the teachers. The responses from the questionnaires show that the evaluation and comments given by students were considered fair, useful and sufficient. Results also suggest that students strongly agree to the use of this methodology because comments and evaluations given are useful for making improvements. Nevertheless, the students preferred teachers to peers to evaluate their performance in the discussion and they wanted to get more instructive comments from the teachers. As for its limitations, students highlight the responsibility that comes with it and a certain amount of distrust in fellow students' abilities to peer-assess. The teacher's possible roles in peer evaluation are presented at the conclusion of this study.
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