R esting-state functional MRI is a technique that allows for the generation of functional MRI data while the patient is at rest (1). This technique depicts low-frequency blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signal fluctuation in the brain at rest and extracts regions with highly correlated resting-state time courses to form larger-scale "resting-state networks" that correspond to known functional networks and anatomic areas, including visual, motor, and language pathways (2,3). Resting-state functional MRI offers substantial potential as a clinical tool for the treatment of patients with brain tumors. Compared with traditional paradigm-driven functional MRI, resting-state functional MRI obviates task compliance from patients who are functionally impaired, allows the parallel assessment of functional networks in place of serial assessment across lengthy imaging sessions (2), and has been shown to more accurately identify anatomic correlates of functional regions (4,5). Resting-state functional MRI has also been successfully piloted in periand intraoperative settings (6-8).BOLD functional MRI studies have shown that brain tumors exert local effects that reduce BOLD functional MRI activation, through a hypothesized uncoupling of tumor vascular responses and neural activity:
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