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Mesonychium asteria (Smith) is a cleptoparasitic bee with occurrence restricted to South America. In this study, we provide new information related to the host association and cleptoparasitic behavior of this species in nests of Centris xanthomelaena Moure & Castro. Observations were conducted at the nesting sites of C. xanthomelaena in a Caatinga area of Pernambuco state, Brazil. Females of M. asteria were observed performing overflying in nest aggregations and attacking some nests. We have confirmed the cleptoparasitic association with the emergence of adult M. asteria from the host bee nests, and also by the presence of its larva on the brood cells.

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