A phenomenon which closely resembles "anode effect" in molten electrolysis can be developed in the electrolysis of aqueous solutions at high current density. Normal operation of the electrode ceases and a so-called "transition period" begins when the electrode temperature reaches the boiling point of the electrolyte. When the applied voltage is increased beyond a critical value the transition behavior suddenly changes to the "aqueous anode-effect." During this effect the surface temperature of the anode rises far above the boiling point of the electrolyte. Evidence is provided which indicates that the gaseous envelope surrounding the anode during the aqueous anode-effect is maintained by the vaporization of the electrolyte against the hot anode surface. An aqueous cathode-effect was also obtained. The relation between aqueous anode-effect and anode effect in molten media is discussed.

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The equilibrium between solid titanium metal, di-, and trivalent titanium chlorides dissolved in an NaC1-KC1 melt was measured under carefully controlled experimental conditions. Divalent titanium was found to be the predominant valence state in the melt, for temperatures of 700~176The "apparent" equilibrium constant (mole fractions replacing activities) for the reaction TiCl~ (NaC1-KC1 melt) W 1/2 Ti ~ (c) = 3/2 TIC12 (NaC1-KC1 melt) was calculated and found to be a function of the total titanium concentration in the melt. Limited data indicated that the equilibrium is exothermic in agreement with expectation. ) unless CC License in place (see abstract). ecsdl.org/site/terms_use address. Redistribution subject to ECS terms of use (see 137.99.31.134 Downloaded on 2015-05-29 to IP Vol. 104, No. 8 EQUILIBRIUM BETWEEN ) unless CC License in place (see abstract). ecsdl.org/site/terms_use address. Redistribution subject to ECS terms of use (see 137.99.31.134 Downloaded on 2015-05-29 to IP

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