The skin barrier effectively inhibits the penetration of substances; therefore, drug delivery, especially the delivery of drugs that are hydrophilic, through the skin, is challenging. Objectives: Physicians in the esthetic field now use the transdermal drug delivery system to attempt to deliver esthetic materials, such as hyaluronic acid and poly‐DL‐lactic acid into the skin. Conventionally, esthetic physicians manually injected these materials using needle syringes into the dermis layer. However, the injection is often irregular, imprecise, slow, and painful. Injector devices have been developed to overcome these limitations. A total of five Korean cadavers (that of three men and two women with a mean age of 69.2 years; range, 60–73 years) underwent laser injection. We used a device called Er:YAG LASER to create the pressure needed for microjet delivery to the skin of the cadaver. Discussion: In this study, the first LASER pressure‐based, needle‐free microjet injector was used to deliver drugs effectively into the dermis of a cadaver. This study showed that a novel needle‐free microjet injector using Er:YAG LASER can introduce beneficial, liquid, esthetic drugs into the papillary dermal layer (depth of 300um) with minimal epidermal damage.
Postural habits and repetitive motion contribute towards the progress of myofascial pain by affecting overload on specific muscles, the quadratus lumborum muscle being the most frequently involved. The therapy of myofascial pain syndrome includes the release of myofascial pain syndrome using injective agents such as botulinum neurotoxin, lidocaine, steroids, and normal saline. However, an optimal injection point has not been established for the quadratus lumborum muscle. This study aimed to propose an optimal injection point for this muscle by studying its intramuscular neural distribution using the whole mount staining method. A modified Sihler’s procedure was completed on 15 quadratus lumborum muscles to visualize the intramuscular arborization areas in terms of the inferior border of the 12th rib, the transverse processes of L1-L4, and the iliac crest. The intramuscular neural distribution of the quadratus lumborum had the densely arborized areas in the three lateral portions of L3-L4 and L4-L5 and the medial portion between L4 and L5.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.