Abstract.Research concerning agricultural drought issue mainly focuses on the methods based on long-term atmospheric data, temperature, precipitation and evaporation measurements. On the other hand, the scientific bibliography shows the possibilities of using spectral data for description the state of plants. The general availability and increasing resolution of the spectral and temporal data create a chance for monitoring and forecasting deficiencies of soil moisture based on spectral images. Paper presents the results of analysis of the moisture conditions in soilplant environment in the lowland catchment area using the spectral data obtained from the Sentinel-2 European Space Agency satellite for period February-November 2016. These spectral data were used for the calculation the Normalized Differential Vegetation Index (NDVI) which provided information about moisture conditions in the soil-plant environment. Then, the values of NDVI index were compared with the data obtained from the field investigations. The analyses have showed the spatial and temporal variability of moisture conditions in the soil-plant environment determined on the background of the spectral indicators and the existence of some dependences between climatic and spectral indicators characterizing soil-plant environment.
The studies on agricultural droughts require long-term atmospheric, hydrological and meteorological data. On the other hand, today, the possibilities of using spectral data in environmental studies are indicated. The development of remote sensing techniques, increasing the spectral and spatial resolution of data allows using remote sensing data in the study of water content in the environment. The paper presents the results of the analysis of moisture content of soil-plant environment in the lowland areas of river valley using the spectral data from Sentinel-2. The analyses were conducted between February and November 2016. The spectral data were used to calculate the Normalize Differential Vegetation Index (NDVI) which provided the information about the moisture content of the soil-plant environment. The analyses were performed only on grasslands, on 22 objects located in the research area in the Oder river valley between Malczyce and Brzeg Dolny, Poland. The NDVI values were correlated with the hydrological and meteorological parameters. The analyses showed spatial and temporal variability of the moisture conditions in the soil-plant environment showed by the NDVI variability and existence some relationships between the climatic and spectral indices characterizing the moisture content in the environment.
The work contains an assessment of the possibility of improving the ecological patency of the river in terms of increasing the capacity of the channel. It is based on the analysis of the correction of the riverbed capacity by improving and optimizing the damming structure operation. The damming structures located in the riverbed have a negative impact on the aquatic environment and they have crossed the ecological corridors which are natural migration routes for fish. For the purpose of improving the ecological patency, a one-dimensional hydraulic model was built in the HEC-RAS program. Using stationary flow module, water table in each of the tested cross-sections was calculated. The model was used to build a module for optimizing gates of damming structure. Following the results, such a system variant of damming structure operation was proposed on the Bystrzyca river section to obtain the highest possible patency of the section and provide optimal conditions for fish migration. The study shows the relation between the hydraulic capacity of the watercourse and the ecological patency. It is also shown that these parameters depend on each other and an increase in the hydraulic capacity improves the ecological patency of the rivers.
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