We report X-ray diffraction studies of water and carbon tetrachloride adsorbed in nanoporous activated carbon fibres. The fibres are built of turbostratic nanoparticles separated by quasi two-dimensional voids, forming narrow slit-shaped pores. In order to determine the structure of water within the pores and its influence on the fibres' structure, mean interatomic and intermolecular distances have been estimated from the positions of the maxima of the normalized angular distribution functions obtained by X-ray diffraction. We observe a cluster arrangement of the water molecules, as well as significant changes in the interlayer distance of the carbon nanoparticles upon adsorption of both water and carbon tetrachloride. The results suggest that very high pressures arise within the pores, as has been observed in molecular simulations, and this may give rise to the large change in electronic properties of the fibres after adsorption of guest molecules. The in-pore pressure normal to the pore walls is estimated from the experimental data, and is found to be positive and of the order 4000 bar. Molecular simulation results for the normal pressure component are presented for both water and carbon tetrachloride in carbon slit pores, and are in general agreement with the experiments. For both fluids the normal pressure is an oscillating function of pore width.
Zinc oxide (ZnO) is a wide-bandgap semiconductor material with applications in a variety of fields such as electronics, optoelectronic and solar cells. However, much of these applications demand a reproducible, reliable and controllable synthesis method that takes special care of their functional properties. In this work ZnO and Cu-doped ZnO nanowires are obtained by an optimized hydrothermal method, following the promising results which ZnO nanostructures have shown in the past few years. The morphology of as-prepared and copper-doped ZnO nanostructures is investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy and high resolution transmission electron microscopy. X-ray diffraction is used to study the impact of doping on the crystalline structure of the wires. Furthermore, the mechanical properties (nanoindentation) and the functional properties (absorption and photoluminescence measurements) of ZnO nanostructures are examined in order to assess their applicability in photovoltaics, piezoelectric and hybrids nanodevices. This work shows a strong correlation between growing conditions, morphology, doping and mechanical as well as optical properties of ZnO nanowires.
This paper reports results of the X-ray diffraction structural studies of a series of liquid monochloroalkanes (chIorohexane, chlorooctane, chlorodecane, chlorododecane) and dichloroalkanes (1, 6-dichlorohexane, 1,8-dichlorooctane, 1,10-dichlorodecane, 1,12-dichlorododecane) performed at 20 and 40° C. From the X-ray diffraction patterns, obtained using Mo K α radiation of the wavelength λ = 0.7107 A, the mean angular distributions of intensities were determined. Then, the functions of radial distributions of electron density were numerically found using Fourier analysis. The mean structural parameters of the studied liquids (the inter-and intramolecular distances, the radii of coordination spheres, the coordination numbers) and the local arrangement of their molecules were established. The intermolecular arrangements in the studied liquid mono-and dichloroalkanes were found to be simiłar. Correlations were found between certain physical and chemical . properties of the studied compounds and the spatial arrangement of their molecules.
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