High‐resolution optical and ultraviolet (UV) spectra of two B‐type post‐asymptotic giant branch (post‐AGB) stars in globular clusters, Barnard 29 in M 13 and ROA 5701 in ω Cen, have been analysed using model atmosphere techniques. The optical spectra have been obtained with FEROS on the ESO 2.2‐m telescope and the 2d‐Coudé spectrograph on the 2.7‐m McDonald telescope, while the UV observations are from the Goddard high‐resolution spectrograph on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). Abundances of light elements (C, N, O, Mg, Al and S) plus Fe have been determined from the optical spectra, while the UV data provide additional Fe abundance estimates from Fe iii absorption lines in the 1875–1900 Å wavelength region. A general metal underabundance relative to young B‐type stars is found for both Barnard 29 and ROA 5701. These results are consistent with the metallicities of the respective clusters, as well as with previous studies of the objects. The derived abundance patterns suggest that the stars have not undergone a gas–dust separation, contrary to previous suggestions, although they may have evolved from the AGB before the onset of the third dredge‐up. However, the Fe abundances derived from the HST spectra are lower than those expected from the metallicities of the respective clusters, by 0.5 dex for Barnard 29 and 0.8 dex for ROA 5701. A similar systematic underabundance is also found for other B‐type stars in environments of known metallicity, such as the Magellanic Clouds. These results indicate that the Fe iii UV lines may yield abundance values which are systematically too low by typically 0.6 dex and hence such estimates should be treated with caution.

The exchange rate and switch to the euro may be thought to have lowered tourism revenue in Greece. These effects are examined with data from 1974 to 2006 in an error correction model of optimal tourist spending that includes source country income and air travel costs. The results may be relevant for touristic countries considering competitive devaluation or a monetary union.

An analysis of high-resolution Anglo-Australian Telescope (AAT)/ University College London Echelle Spectrograph (UCLES) optical spectra for the ultraviolet (UV)-bright star ROA 5701 in the globular cluster omega Cen (NGC 5139) is performed, using non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (non-LTE) model atmospheres to estimate stellar atmospheric parameters and chemical composition. Abundances are derived for C, N, O, Mg, Si and S, and compared with those found previously by Moehler et al. We find a general metal underabundance relative to young B-type stars, consistent with the average metallicity of the cluster. Our results indicate that ROA 5701 has not undergone a gas-dust separation scenario as previously suggested. However, its abundance pattern does imply that ROA 5701 has evolved off the AGB prior to the onset of the third dredge-up.Comment: 9 pages, 2 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS (Online Early

This paper reviews the applied theory of energy cross price partial elasticities of substitution, and presents it in a transparent fashion. It uses log linear and translog production and cost functions due to their economic properties and convenient estimating forms, but the theory applies other functional forms. The objective is to encourage increased empirical research that would deepen understanding and appreciation of energy substitution.The economic outcome of decisions regarding energy policy often hinge on substitution between energy and other factors of production, but there is little consensus regarding the degree and even direction of energy substitution. As classic examples, Berndt and Wood (1975) find aggregate energy a substitute for labor but a complement with capital, while Griffin and Gregory (1976) find energy a substitute for both. Only continued theoretical and empirical investigation will be able to shed light on this issue, and the opaque dispersed literature on the theory of substitution must discourage new research.The empirical literature on energy cross price elasticities is thin relative to the economic impact of energy substitution.The present paper presents a transparent theory of energy substitution using log linear (Cobb Douglas) and translog production and cost functions. The focus is on the derivation of cross price elasticities that describe the substitution of inputs due to a change in the price of an input. For instance, cross price elasticities describe the adjustment in capital and labor inputs to a higher price of energy, or the

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