Field, greenhouse, and laboratory studies were conducted to examine the effect of application timing on the activity of DPX-V9360 on rhizome johnsongrass. Field and greenhouse studies indicated that johnsongrass treated with postemergence applications of DPX-V9360 at late growth stages (>5 leaves) was controlled more effectively than when treated in early growth stages (<5 leaves). Johnsongrass control was optimized with split-postemergence applications (treatments applied at early and late growth stages) in field studies compared to a single postemergence application at either early or late growth stages. The pattern of translocation of 2-14C (pyrimidine)-labeled DPX-V9360 applied to a fully expanded johnsongrass leaf did not differ significantly between three different growth stages of 10-, 30-, and 60-cm height. Over 60% of the absorbed14C remained in the treated leaf. Most of the translocated14C moved out of the treated leaf within 3 days after application and distributed to the shoot in greater quantities than to the rhizomes. About 40% of14C-DPX-V9360 applied to the leaf surfaces of a tolerant species (corn) or susceptible species (johnsongrass) was absorbed into the leaf. Corn metabolized over 90% of absorbed DPX-V9360 within 20 h, while there was no perceptible metabolism of DPX-V9360 in johnsongrass leaves after 24 h. Late growth stage and split-postemergence applications appear to provide more effective control than early growth stage applications because of better control of regrowth (new shoot emergence from rhizomes after application) and because tillering and plant emergence are more nearly complete at application time.

Both carrot (Daucus carota L.) and common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) plants metabolized 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-methoxy-1-methylurea (linuron). Traces of all of the following derivatives of linuron were detected in both plants: 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-methoxyurea, 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-methylurea, 3-(3,4-dichlorohenyl)urea, and 3,4-dichloroaniline. Differences in absorption and concentration of these derivatives were observed between carrot and ragweed plants. All of the above derivatives were phytotoxic to common ragweed plants except for 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea and 3,4-dichloroaniline, while none of the derivatives were phytotoxic to carrot. In carrot, 87% of the applied linuron was metabolized to nonphytotoxic derivatives compared to only 13% in common ragweed plants. It appears that a combination of differences in absorption, metabolism, and phytotoxicity of several of the metabolite derivatives of linuron to carrot and common ragweed plants may be the primary reason for differences in sensitivity of these two plants to linuron.