The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has conducted the Total Diet Study (TDS) since 1961, which designed to monitor the US food supply for chemical contaminants, nutritional elements, and toxic elements. Recently, perchlorate was analyzed in TDS samples. Perchlorate is used as an oxidizing agent in rocket propellant, is found in other items (e.g., explosives, road flares, fireworks, and car airbags), occurs naturally in some fertilizers, and may be generated under certain climatic conditions. It has been detected in surface and groundwater and in food. Perchlorate at high (e.g., pharmacological) doses can interfere with iodide uptake into the thyroid gland, disrupting its function. The National Academy of Sciences (NAS) has identified that ''the fetuses of pregnant women who might have hypothyroidism or iodide deficiency as the most sensitive population.'' This study reports on intake estimates of perchlorate and iodine, a precursor to iodide, using the analytical results from the TDS. Estimated average perchlorate and iodine daily intakes as well as the contribution of specific food groups to total intakes were estimated for 14 age/sex subgroups of the US population. The estimated smallest lower bound to the largest upper bound average perchlorate intakes by the 14 age/sex groups range from 0.08 to 0.39 micrograms per kilogram body weight per day (mg/kg bw/day), compared with the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) reference dose (RfD) of 0.7 mg/kg bw/day. Infants and children demonstrated the highest estimated intakes of perchlorate on a body weight basis. The estimated average iodine intakes by the 14 age/sex groups reveal a lower bound (ND ¼ 0) and upper bound (ND ¼ LOD) range of average intakes from 138 to 353 mg/person/day. Estimated iodine intakes by infants 6-11 months exceed their adequate intake (AI), and intakes by children and adult age/sex groups exceed their relevant estimated average requirement (EAR).

In this paper we prove the functoriality of the exterior square of cusp forms on G L 4 GL_{4} as automorphic forms on G L 6 GL_{6} and the symmetric fourth of cusp forms on G L 2 GL_{2} as automorphic forms on G L 5 GL_{5} . We prove these by applying a converse theorem of Cogdell and Piatetski-Shapiro to analytic properties of certain L L -functions obtained by the Langlands-Shahidi method. We give several applications: First, we prove the weak Ramanujan property of cuspidal representations of G L 4 GL_{4} and the absolute convergence of the exterior square L L -functions of G L 4 GL_{4} . Second, we prove that the fourth symmetric power L L -functions of cuspidal representations of G L 2 GL_{2} are entire, except for those of dihedral and tetrahedral type. Third, we prove the bound 3 26 \frac {3}{26} for Hecke eigenvalues of Maass forms over any number field.

The RNA-binding protein TIAR (related to TIA-1 [T-cell-restricted intracellular antigen 1]) was shown to associate with subsets of mRNAs bearing U-rich sequences in their 3 untranslated regions. TIAR can function as a translational repressor, particularly in response to cytotoxic agents. Using unstressed colon cancer cells, collections of mRNAs associated with TIAR were isolated by immunoprecipitation (IP) of (TIAR-RNA) ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes, identified by microarray analysis, and used to elucidate a common signature motif present among TIAR target transcripts. The predicted TIAR motif was an unexpectedly cytosine-rich, 28-to 32-nucleotide-long element forming a stem and a loop of variable size with an additional side loop. The ability of TIAR to bind an RNA oligonucleotide with a representative C-rich TIAR motif sequence was verified in vitro using surface plasmon resonance. By this analysis, TIAR containing two or three RNA recognition domains (TIAR12 and TIAR123) showed low but significant binding to the C-rich sequence. In vivo, insertion of the C-rich motif into a heterologous reporter strongly suppressed its translation in cultured cells. Using this signature motif, an additional ϳ2,209 UniGene targets were identified (2.0% of the total UniGene database). A subset of specific mRNAs were validated by RNP IP analysis. Interestingly, in response to treatment with short-wavelength UV light (UVC), a stress agent causing DNA damage, each of these target mRNAs bearing C-rich motifs dissociated from TIAR. In turn, expression of the encoded proteins was elevated in a TIAR-dependent manner. In sum, we report the identification of a C-rich signature motif present in TIAR target mRNAs whose association with TIAR decreases following exposure to a stress-causing agent.

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Although for the 4 individual criteria plate fits of 43%-62% were achieved, a global/anatomic fit only occurred for 19% of the bone models. This outcome is likely a result of bone morphology variations, which exist in a random population sample combined with the effects of a nonoptimized plate shape. Recommendations for optimizing the fit of the plate are discussed.

The RNA-binding protein TIAR is an mRNA-binding protein that acts as a translational repressor, particularly important under conditions of cellular stress. It binds to target mRNA and DNA via its RNA recognition motif (RRM) domains and is involved in both splicing regulation and translational repression via the formation of “stress granules.” TIAR has also been shown to bind ssDNA and play a role in the regulation of transcription. Here we show, using surface plasmon resonance and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, specific roles of individual TIAR domains for high-affinity binding to RNA and DNA targets. We confirm that RRM2 of TIAR is the major RNA- and DNA-binding domain. However, the strong nanomolar affinity binding to U-rich RNA and T-rich DNA depends on the presence of the six amino acid residues found in the linker region C-terminal to RRM2. On its own, RRM1 shows preferred binding to DNA over RNA. We further characterize the interaction between RRM2 with the C-terminal extension and an AU-rich target RNA sequence using NMR spectroscopy to identify the amino acid residues involved in binding. We demonstrate that TIAR RRM2, together with its C-terminal extension, is the major contributor for the high-affinity (nM) interactions of TIAR with target RNA sequences.

Abstract. This paper proposes a new adaptable FPGA logic element based on fracturable 6-LUTs, which fundamentally alters the longstanding belief that a 4-LUT is the most efficient area/delay tradeoff. We will describe theory and benchmarking results showing a 15% performance increase with 12% area decrease vs. a standard BLE4. The ALM structure is one of a number of architectural improvements giving Altera's 90nm Stratix II architecture a 50% performance advantage over its 130nm Stratix predecessor.