ResumenSe estudió el proceso de biodegradación de un suelo contaminado con petróleo pesado proveniente de la faja petrolífera del Orinoco. El suelo fue sometido a tres tipos de tratamientos, empleando estiércol equino, humus líquido y ejemplares de Eisenia foetida; para lograr disminuir su nivel de contaminación. Se analizaron hidrocarburos totales de petróleo (HTP), fracciones del crudo, porcentaje de humedad relativa, potencial de acidez, conteo de aerobios mesófilos, de acuerdo a procedimientos estándares (ASTM, COVENIN, y EPA). Los resultados reportaron diferencias significativas para el tratamiento con E. foetida mientras que para el tratamiento con humus líquido no se registraron diferencias significativas en la prueba de Dunnett. Los tratamientos con E. foetida y estiércol equino presentaron un alto porcentaje de remoción de hidrocarburos saturados y resinas; mientras que las fracciones de aromáticos y asfaltenos no variaron significativamente en la prueba de Tukey HSD, siendo el tratamiento con E. foetida el más eficaz en la descontaminación del suelo impactado. Palabras clave: biorremediación, Eisenia foetida, estiércol equino, humus líquido, petróleo pesado The influence of Eisenia foetida and Organic Substrates as Biostimulants Agents in the Biodegradation of Heavy Crude Contaminated Soil AbstractThe biodegradation of a heavy crude contaminated soil coming from the Orinoco oil belt was studied. The soil was subjected to three types of treatments using horse dung, liquid humus and samples of Eisenia foetida as bioestimulants to reduce its level of contamination. Total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH), characterization of crude fractions, relative humidity rate, acidity potential and aerobics mesophylic count were performed, according to the standard methods (ASTM, COVENIN, and EPA). Significant differences in the treatments with the samples of E. foetida were found while no significant differences were observed in the treatment with liquid humus using Dunnett's test. The E. foetida and horse dung treatments shows a high degradation of saturated hydrocarbons and resins, whereas the asphalt and aromatic fractions did not vary significantly using the Tukey HSD test. The E. foetida treatment proved the most effective in the decontamination of heavy crude contaminated soil.
The behavior of two Castor oil based muds (OBM) prepared with additives marketed in Colombia is observed, the concentrations of the additives are the same for both fluids with the difference that one has as rheological modifier a polar activator and the other uses lime. These ones are subjected to rolling up for 16 hours at temperatures of 65°C, 80°C and 120°C. The rheological behavior of the fluids is analyzed according to API RP 13B-2 standard before and after rolling up at different temperatures. According to the results of this investigation, it is discovered that the fluids behavior in the presence of strong bases like lime becomes stable as the rolling up temperature increases until 120°C, whereas when there is no lime in the composition the behavior is more constant in all the cases and the change of viscosity with respect to the initial viscosity is smaller. The presence of strong bases tends to decrease their percentage of fatty acids 17% at 65°C and increase 6% at 120°C with respect to the fluids with polar activator rolled up at the same conditions. To see if the fluids can be categorized as environmentally friendly, we proceeded to evaluate the impact of the fluids developed in the survival of red tilapia fingerlings in a water body simulated in the laboratory. The minimum conditions to die at least 50% of the population of red tilapia fingerlings was 96 hours of exposure to fluids at a concentration of 5000ppm.
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