Background The sense of coherence is developed through the learning process and contributes to the positioning of individuals in the health-disease continuum, facilitating successful and adaptive personal outcomes. Health-related behaviours represent a health determinant of utmost importance for public health and the development of adolescent and youth health promotion policies, as they are related to the main risk factors and problems of morbidity and mortality in our society. Previous studies have analysed the relationship between sense of coherence and only some individual health outcomes such as oral health, the relationship of sense of coherence with smoking and alcohol consumption, concluding that salutogenic factors are related to quality of life and preventive behaviours. The aim of this systematic review was to describe the relationship of sense of coherence with different health-related behaviours investigated so far in the adolescent and youth population. Methods A systematic review was carried out in databases (PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus and PsycInfo) and in the bibliographies of the retrieved articles, without limitation of time or language. Associations between sense of coherence and health-related behaviours have been assessed. Results A total of 1214 investigations were reviewed and 21 of them were included in this systematic review. The relationship between sense of coherence and eight health-related behaviours were identified (alcohol use, physical activity, tobacco use, eating habits, rest periods, use of illegal substances, behaviours related to oral health and time spent in games on the computer). Conclusions Our results increase the available evidence and support the solid relationship of the sense of coherence with health behaviours both as a protective factor against risk behaviours and for its positive association with preventive and health promoting behaviours of adolescents, young adults and university students.
El objetivo de esta investigación es la adaptación y validación del Cuestionario Estilo de Vida Personal en población joven española de forma diferenciada en chicas y chicos. El estudio de validación se realizó en 827 estudiantes matriculados en la Universidad de Jaén, España. Se analizó la fiabilidad del Cuestionario de Estilo de Vida Personal para población joven (PLQ-Jóvenes) con el análisis de los ítems mediante el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson y coeficiente de correlación intraclase (CCI). La consistencia interna por medio de alfa de Cronbach de la escala total para chicos y chicas y la estabilidad test-retest con el CCI. La validez de constructo se realizó con el análisis factorial exploratorio y la técnica de grupos conocidos. El alfa de Cronbach para consistencia interna fue de 0,691 para los chicos y de 0,606 para las chicas. El CCI para la estabilidad test-retest fue de 0,823 para las chicas y de 0,956 para los chicos. El análisis factorial exploratorio reveló 5 factores. Se han encontrado asociaciones estadísticamente significativas en las puntuaciones del PLQ entre los subgrupos de SOC (alto y bajo SOC) tanto en chicas como en chicos. En conclusión, el presente estudio puede ser utilizado en investigaciones dirigidas a la identificación de las conductas relacionadas con la salud de los y las jóvenes y también para determinar una puntuación relacionada con el nivel de estilo de vida saludable.
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