2-Amino-3-aroylthiophenes are agonist allosteric enhancers (AE) at the A(1) adenosine receptor (A(1)AR). Here we report the syntheses of three kinds of novel 2-aminothiophenes and assays of their AE activity at the human A(1)AR (hA(1)AR), namely, (1) 2-amino-4,5-diphenylthiophene-3-carboxylates, 3a-h, (2) 2-amino-3-benzoyl-4,5-diphenylthiophenes, 7a-p, and (3) 2-amino-5-bromo-3-benzoyl-4-phenylthiophenes, 10a-h. An in vitro assay employing the A(1)AR agonist [(125)I]ABA and membranes from CHO-K1 cells stably expressing the hA(1)AR measured an index of AE activity, the ability of a candidate AE to stabilize the agonist-A(1)AR-G protein ternary complex, scored as the percentage of ternary complex remaining after 10 min of dissociation initiated by CPX and GTPgammaS. The AE activity score of 2-amino-4,5-dimethyl-3-(3-trifluoromethylbenzoyl)thiophene (PD 81,723), which was 19%, served as a standard for comparison. Two 3-carboxythiophene 3-trifluoromethylbenzyl esters, 3d (49%) and 3f (63%), had substantial AE activity. The 3-(1-naphthoyl) substituent of 7e (52%) also supported AE activity. Compounds in series 3 tended to be more potent, 10a and 10c having scores of 91 and 80%, respectively. The activity of 2-amino-5-bromo-3-ethoxycarbonyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)thiophene, 10h (26%), is an exception to the rule that a 3-ethoxycarbonyl substituent cannot support AE activity.
Success per fluorine! Metal complexes with perfluorinated ligands serve as catalysts for oxidations in perfluorinated solvents. By using a perfluorinated Ni catalyst aldehydes can be converted into carboxylic acids and sulfides into sulfoxides or sulfones. With a Ru catalyst a selective epoxidation of disubstituted olefins in the presence of a terminal double bond is possible (see example below).
ZUSCHRIFTENger Zinkreagens benotigt (1.8 Pentylreste gegeniiber 4-6 Pentylresten unter den beschriebenen Reaktion~bedingungen[~I) und der enantioselektive Transfer ,,wertvoller" Reste R auf den Aldehyd ermoglicht (Schema 3). mNHTf Pent(TMSM)Zn + PhCHO u , , , N H T f 6 : 15 Mol-% + M e Ti(OPr)4 (0.6 Aquiv.) li Et20, -20 "C 7: 92 %, 97 % ee Schema 3. Enantioselektive Addition von Pent(TMSM)Zn 1 j an Benzaldehyd
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