In order to study the stability of the high and steep slope of an open-pit mine under deep bench blasting vibration, a mine in Inner Mongolia is taken as the engineering background, and the mechanical parameters of rock samples were determined based on uniaxial and triaxial instruments. The stability of the high and steep slope of the open-pit mine under static and dynamic loads was analyzed by using field vibration monitoring and numerical simulation methods. The results show that the vibration range of the vibration wave is -1.25–1.25 cm/s, and the vibration wave shows a gradual attenuation trend. The Sadovsky regression equation was used to analyze and fit the monitoring data and the corresponding regression equations in each direction were obtained. Under static action, the safety factor of the high and steep slope is 1.20, and the displacement of the sliding zone passing through the slope is small, so the slope stability is good. Under the action of dynamic blasting load, the overall displacement of the slope is small, and the change of displacement decreases with the decrease of the vibration wave.
According to the characteristics that the dynamic tension of rock material is elastic brittle and the dynamic compression is elastic plastic, based on previous studies, the influence of initial damage is considered in the established compression damage model, and the calculation formula of the damage threshold used to evaluate whether the surrounding rock is affected by blasting is given. According to the classic rock impact dynamic damage model and statistical damage mechanics theory, a rock compressive and tensile statistical damage constitutive model and impact damage model under blasting load is proposed. Based on the proposed damage model and the classic dynamic tensile damage model, the numerical simulation of blasting damage was carried out, and the numerical calculation results were compared with the field measurement results. Based on the established damage model, to further clarify the damage evolution characteristics of rock under blasting load, fractal dimension theory was introduced to analyze the rock damage under blasting loads with different blasting hole network parameters. The results show that compared with the axial direction of the blast hole, the direction of blast hole diameter is the main direction of blasting fracture extension. Tensile fracture mainly occurs along the hole diameter direction, and compression fracture mainly occurs below the hole bottom. Compared with the numerical calculation results based on the classical dynamic tensile damage model, the blasting fracture range obtained according to the damage model, especially the fracture depth below the bottom of the hole, was not much different from the measured value and was closest to the measured value. The crack density of 1 us, 90 aperture, and 130 aperture was larger than that of the other working conditions. Among them, the crack density of 130 aperture was the largest, followed by 90 aperture. At 2~3 us after initiation, cracks between two blast holes, radial cracks and circumferential cracks around two blast holes, and obvious cracks were formed around blastholes; at 4~5 us after initiation, the shock wave front decreased rapidly and propagated outward in the form of the compression wave. The crack propagation velocity was much smaller than that at 1~3 us after initiation. In summary, the proposed damage model is reasonable and has certain engineering practicability.
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