A Doppler asymmetric spatial heterodyne (DASH) interferometer was designed to measure atmospheric winds at a height of 60 to 80 km by observing the airglow emission line of molecular oxygen at 867 nm. The designed monolithic DASH interferometer exhibited decent thermal stability. The phase thermal drift of the fabricated interferometer obtained from thermal performance measurements was 0.376 rad∕°C. To accurately model and minimize the thermal drift performance of an interferometer in the design phase, it is necessary to include the influence of thermal distortion of the monolithic interferometer components. Therefore, an opticalstructural-thermal integrated analysis method based on Zernike polynomials was proposed to accurately calculate the phase thermal drift of the interferometer. The optical model modified by the finite-element method calculated the phase thermal drift to be 0.420 rad∕°C, which agreed with the experimental result within 11.7%. This analysis method can accurately calculate and optimize thermal stability during the design of a DASH interferometer.
For space-based atmospheric wind measurements, full-link simulation is critical for the optimization of the instrument indicators and the evaluation of the measurements’ performance. This paper presents observation simulations and error verification of the mesosphere wind measurement with four emission lines of the O2(0-1) band by using the space-based Doppler Asymmetric Spatial Heterodyne (DASH), named the Mesosphere Wind Image Interferometer (MWII). The passive wind measurement principle and the DASH concept are first described. The full-link simulation consists of radiation simulation, the instrument forward model, and the wind retrieval model. The four emission lines at about 866.5 nm of the O2(0-1) band were selected as the observation targets. The radiation characteristics of the target lines were studied and calculated, as well as the background radiation. Based on the LOS radiation integral model, a numerical simulation of the raw observation data was carried out using the instrument model. The interference fringe priority strategy and joint wind decision method were proposed to achieve multiple-emission-line wind retrieval with higher precision. In the simulation, multiple-line retrieval could improve the precision by more than 30% compared to single-line retrieval under the same conditions. The error simulation indicated that the wind profile precision was 3–9 m/s in the altitude range of 50–110 km, with an average accuracy of about 1 m/s, proving that the scheme of MWII has good altitude coverage of the whole mesosphere and a part of the lower thermosphere.
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