When the black hole radiates particles, it losses energy and shrinks, it is the contraction of the horizon that sets the tunnelling barrier. This article extents the work of M. Parikh to GH black hole and HS black hole. Applying WKB approximation, we calculate the rate of Hawking radiation and found that the rate of tunnelling equals precisely the exponent of the difference of the entropy of the black hole before and after emission. We also obtain the result that the energy spectrum of radiation deviates from the exact thermality.

BackgroundPancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal cancers worldwide, due to the lack of efficient therapy and difficulty in early diagnosis. ULBPs have been shown to behave as important protectors with prognostic significance in various cancers.Materials and methodsImmunohistochemistry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to explore the expression of ULBPs in cancer tissue and in serum, while survival analysis was used to evaluate the subsequent clinical value of ULBPs.ResultsStatistics showed that high expression of membrane ULBP1 was a good biomarker of overall survival (18 months vs 13 months), and a high level of soluble ULBP2 was deemed an independent poor indicator for both overall survival (P<0.001) and disease-free survival (P<0.001).ConclusionULBP1 provides additional information for early diagnosis, and soluble ULBP2 can be used as a novel tumor marker to evaluate the risk of pancreatic cancer patients.

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We calculate the Casimir effect at finite temperature in Minkowski spacetime by using statistical method, the approximate expressions of the Casimir effect in the low and high temperature limits are also discussed. Then employing some general properties of the renormalized stress tensor, we obtain the Casimir energy stress tensor in Hartle-Hawking state.