BackgroundColorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most diagnosed cancer in this blue planet, whose incidence is increasing in young adults, especially in the developing countries. 1 As the fourth main cause of cancer-related deaths in the world, CRC contributes to a serious threat to human health. To descend mortality of CRC, in past decades, researchers strive to study the mechanisms of this disease. Unfortunately, the prognosis of this malignancy remains pessimistic in numerous patients who even received surgery, and the cancer reappear or metastasis come up after several months. One of the leading challenges of this disease is the clinical diagnosis may be late. 2 Therefore, biological biomarkers for the identification of detection and prediction may have clinical significance. Especially, in past decade, extensive molecular research has demonstrated that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) may be novel and significant biological biomarkers for early diagnosis and prognosis of colon cancer. 3 As its name indicates, LncRNAs are a group of noncoding RNA molecules whose lengths are larger than 200 nucleotides and lack protein-coding capability.
MicroRNAs are small nonprotein-encoding RNAs ranging from 18 to 25 nucleotides in size and regulate multiple biological pathways via directly targeting a variety of associated genes in cancers. MicroRNA-27b is a highly conserved MicroRNA throughout vertebrates and there are two homologs (hsa-miR-27a and hsa-miR-27b) in humans. MicroRNA27b is an intragenic microRNA located on chromosome 9q22.1 within the C9orf3 gene, clustering with miR-23b and miR-24-1 in human. As a frequently dysregulated microRNA in human cancers, microRNA-27b could function as a tumor suppressor or an oncogenic microRNA. More and more studies indicate that microRNA-27b is involved in affecting various biological processes, such as angiogenesis, proliferation, metastasis, and drug resistance, and thus may act as a promising therapeutic target in human cancers. In this review, we discuss the role of microRNA-27b in detail and offer novel insights into molecular targeting therapy for cancers.
Chemotherapy has been extensively used in tumor treatment, including either systemic or local treatment. Miserably, in many kinds of cancers, chemotherapy is gradually insensitive. The mechanisms of tumor drug resistance have been widely explored, yet have not been fully characterized. With several studies in the development of drug resistance, recent works have highlighted the involvement of non-coding RNAs in tumor development. A growing number of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been identified as transcripts of larger than 200 nucleotides in length, which have low coding potential, but potentially coding small peptides with 50-70 amino acids. Despite so often being branded as transcriptional noise, it is becoming increasingly clear that a large number of lncRNAs are crucial molecular regulators of the processes of tumor involving the initiation and progression of human tumor. More recently, accumulating evidence is revealing an important role of lncRNA in tumor drug resistance and lncRNA expression profiling can be correlated with the evolution of tumor drug resistance. The long non-coding-RNA-mediated form of drug resistance brings yet another mechanism of drug resistance. So, exploiting the newly emerging knowledge of lncRNAs for the development of new therapeutic applications to overcome human tumor drug resistance will be significant.
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