Lipotoxicity is defined as deposition of excess fat associated with an inflammatory response. Metabolomic analysis of fatty acids (FAs) can be a marker of silent inflammation. ω3‐Enriched diet, celecoxib, and safranal may have a protective anti‐inflammatory role. In this work, total FAs extracted from red blood cells and arachidonic acid‐to‐eicosapentaenoic acid (AA‐to‐EPA) ratios were assessed using GC–MS assay in single‐ion monitoring mode. The study was conducted on 64 male rats divided into eight groups: I, controls; II, rats received high‐fat diet (HFD), III, rats received ω‐6‐enriched HFD; IV, rats received ω‐3‐enriched HFD; V, rats received celecoxib with HFD; VI, rats received safranal with HFD; VII and VIII, rats received celecoxib and safranal with ω‐3 HFD, respectively. GC–MS Gas chromatography Mass spectrometry was performed for analysis of fatty acid methyl ester. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay was used to analyze serum interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and transforming growth factor‐beta 1 (TGF‐β1) concentrations. A statistically significant decrease of AA‐to‐EPA ratio was observed in group VII when compared with the groups receiving HFDs. This group also showed the lowest serum IL‐6 level and highest TGF‐β1 level. In conclusion, ω3‐enriched diet along with drugs (e.g. celecoxib) and herbal medications (e.g. safranal) may have an anti‐inflammatory effect in lipotoxicity. GC–MS with single‐ion monitoring is valid for the analysis of FAs.
IntroductionEvaluation of growth hormone (GH) in short thalassaemic patients and effect of L-carnitine therapy in those with hormone deficiency.Material and methodsThe study included 30 β-thalassaemic patients aged 13.8 ±1.7 years and 30 children with constitutional short stature as controls. Anthropometric measurements (basal and after 6 months), thyroid profile, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and GH provocation by 2 tests were carried out. Eight patients with inadequate GH response to both clonidine and ITT were given L-carnitine treatment for 6 months. They were re-evaluated (clinically, anthropometrically and in the laboratory by doing GH stimulation test) after 6 months of therapy.ResultsTwelve (40%) patients had sub-clinical hypothyroidism and 10 (33.3%) had growth hormone deficiency (GHD). Peak GH and growth velocity (cm and standard deviation score [SDS]) were significantly lower while weight (SDS) and weight/height SDS were significantly higher than in patients with constitutional short stature (p < 0.05). A significant positive correlation was found between height and target height (cm). Haemoglobin levels, peak GH, IGF-1 and growth velocity (cm & SDS) were significantly higher and the number of blood transfusions was significantly lower in GH deficiency patients after L-carnitine treatment (p < 0.05). Delta changes were higher in height (cm & SDS), estimated mature height and sitting height and lower in target height – height (SDS and cm) six months after L-carnitine treatment in β-thalassaemic patients with GHD (p < 0.05).ConclusionsGrowth hormone deficiency is an aetiological factor in thalassaemic patients with short stature. L-carnitine can promote GH secretion and growth.
Introduction: Cyclosporin-A-has been used as an immunosuppressant to prevent the rejection of organ transplants. However, alveolar bone loss is an important negative side-effect of this drug. Simvastatin, a hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitor, is known to inhibit cholesterol biosynthesis. It has advanced effects on bone formation in vivo and in vitro. So, we evaluated the expression of BMP 2 after administration of simvastatin in cyclosporin-A-associated alveolar bone loss in rats. Objective: To evaluate the effect of simvastatin and cyclosporin-A-on Alveolar bone by investigating the expression of Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 (BMP-2) using Immunohistochemical and Image analysis investigation methods. Materials and methods: 24 adult male albino rats were divided into 3 groups: Group I: control group; 4 rats, Group II: cyclosporine-A-group; 10 rats (10 mg/kg) daily subcutaneous injection, Group III: Cyclosporin-A /Simvastatin group; 10 rats, simvastatin was taken orally daily (20mg/kg/day). Two rats from the control group and 5 rats from each of the studied experimental groups (group II & III) were sacrificed on days 15 and 30 consecutively, and examined using Immunohistochemical method, and Image analysis. Results: Immunohistochemical results revealed strong expression of BMP 2 in osteoblasts, osteocytes after simvastatin administration and weak expression in CsA. The same results were statistically significant in Immunohistochemical Optical Density (IOD) results. Histomorphometrical analysis of bone volume showed a significant increase in bone volume in simvastatin group than CsA group, and significant decrease in CsA than control. Conclusion: we can conclude that Simvastatin counteract the adverse effect of CsA induced alveolar bone loss by induction of BMP 2 in osteoblasts and osteocytes that induced new bone formation.
In Egypt, there are no current screening or surveillance guidelines for CRC, and most of the individual screening is scarcely done. Consequently, many cases of CRC are diagnosed in a late stage. Hence, we are in a real and urgent need to formulate Egyptian guidelines that suites our population, our physicians and compel with our limited health resources. These guidelines if formulated and implemented will help to detect early stages of CRC, reduce the cancer-related treatment expenses, and will improve the prognosis.
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