Viral vector transfection systems are among the simplest of biological agents with the ability to transfer genes into the central nervous system. In brain research, a series of powerful and novel gene editing technologies are based on these systems. Although many viral vectors are used in rodents, their full application has been limited in non-human primates. To identify viral vectors that can stably and effectively express exogenous genes within non-human primates, eleven commonly used recombinant adeno-associated viral and lentiviral vectors, each carrying a gene to express green or red fluorescence, were injected into the parietal cortex of four rhesus monkeys. The expression of fluorescent cells was used to quantify transfection efficiency. Histological results revealed that recombinant adeno-associated viral vectors, especially the serotype 2/9 coupled with the cytomegalovirus, human synapsin Ⅰ, or Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase Ⅱ promoters, and lentiviral vector coupled with the human ubiquitin C promoter, induced higher expression of fluorescent cells, representing high transfection efficiency. This is the first comparison of transfection efficiencies of different viral vectors carrying different promoters and serotypes in non-human primates (NHPs). These results can be used as an aid to select optimal vectors to transfer exogenous genes into the central nervous system of non-human primates.
The 2022 2nd International Conference on Economic Management and Corporate Governance (EMCG 2022) was held in Montreal, Canada from August 27 to 28, 2022 as a virtual conference due to the growing concerns over the coronavirus outbreak (COVID-19), and in order to protect the well-being of our attendees, partners, and staff.
EMCG 2022 brings together more than 90 national and international researchers from industry, government, and academia. We invited submissions of papers on all topics related to economic management and corporate governance. The conference provides networking opportunities for participants to share ideas, designs, and experiences on the future directions. The conference will feature a high-quality technical & experiential program dealing with a mix of traditional and contemporary hot topics in paper presentations and high-profile keynotes.
The conference model was divided into three sessions, including oral presentations, keynote speeches, and online Q&A discussion. In the first part, some scholars, whose submissions were selected as the excellent papers, were given about 10-15 minutes to perform their oral presentations one by one. Then in the second part, keynote speakers were each allocated 30-40 minutes to hold their speeches. We invited four professors as our keynote speakers. Their insightful speeches had triggered heated discussion in the third session of the conference.
The EMCG 2022 proceedings are a compilation of the accepted papers and represent an interesting outcome of the conference. All the papers have been through rigorous review and process to meet the requirements of international publication standard.
We would like to acknowledge all of those who supported EMCG 2022. The help and contribution of each individual and institution was instrumental in the success of the conference. We would like to thank the technical committee for its valuable inputs in shaping the conference program and reviewing the submitted papers.
The Organizing Committees of EMCG
Montreal, Canada
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