Introduction: Parkinson's disease is one of the fastest-growing diseases in terms of prevalence, disability, and mortality. Exposure to environmental toxic substances, such as mercury (Hg) can increase the risk of neuronal damage and neurodegenerative diseases. Purpose: The purpose of writing this article is to determine the impact of mercury exposure on the incidence of Parkinson's disease in small-scale gold mining workers. Methods: The author searches for material through the Google Scholars, NCBI, and ScienceDirect search pages by limiting the journals published in 2015-2020. In this review, the authors conducted a study of 33 scientific articles. Results: The small-scale gold mining industry is the largest source of mercury emissions in the world. Mercury gas has a negative impact on the lungs, kidneys, liver, and nervous system. Gold miners have a very high likelihood of being exposed to metallic mercury and suffering occupational mercury intoxication. Discussion: Mercury is known to be a neurotoxin that can cause neuron death and damage to the substantia nigra and other basal ganglia nuclei. Acute mercury exposure can cause tremors, memory loss, respiratory distress, and even death. Gold miners are a group that is exposed to a lot of mercury and suffers from work-induced mercury intoxication. Conclusion: Mercury-induced parkinsonism can be identified because of its predilection for accumulation and palladium and striatum damage such as damage to the substantia nigra pars in Parkinson's disease.

Introduction: Parkinson's disease is one of the fastest-growing diseases in terms of prevalence, disability, and mortality. Exposure to environmental toxic substances, such as mercury (Hg) can increase the risk of neuronal damage and neurodegenerative diseases. Purpose: The purpose of writing this article is to determine the impact of mercury exposure on the incidence of Parkinson's disease in small-scale gold mining workers. Methods: The author searches for material through the Google Scholars, NCBI, and ScienceDirect search pages by limiting the journals published in 2015-2020. In this review, the authors conducted a study of 33 scientific articles. Results: The small-scale gold mining industry is the largest source of mercury emissions in the world. Mercury gas has a negative impact on the lungs, kidneys, liver, and nervous system. Gold miners have a very high likelihood of being exposed to metallic mercury and suffering occupational mercury intoxication. Discussion: Mercury is known to be a neurotoxin that can cause neuron death and damage to the substantia nigra and other basal ganglia nuclei. Acute mercury exposure can cause tremors, memory loss, respiratory distress, and even death. Gold miners are a group that is exposed to a lot of mercury and suffers from work-induced mercury intoxication. Conclusion: Mercury-induced parkinsonism can be identified because of its predilection for accumulation and palladium and striatum damage such as damage to the substantia nigra pars in Parkinson's disease.

Background: Post Obstructive Diuresis (POD) is defined as urine output 200 ml/hour for two consecutive hours immediately subsequent to the relief of urinary tract obstruction. POD occurs in 0,5% to 52% of patients after the relief obstruction. It is usually self-limited, but If the POD becomes pathologic, it can cause serious consequences. We report a case of woman who had POD after underwent ureteroscopic lithotripsy procedure due to unilateral ureteral stone. Case Presentation: A 35-year-old woman came to ER with episodic left flank pain and LUTS. On examination, left costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness was positive. An Abdominal X-Ray confirmed left distal ureteral stone. The patient was scheduled to have ureteroscopic lithotripsy procedure. After underwent the procedure, the patient drained 3500 ml of urine over 24 hours and showed clinical deterioration. The patients was diagnosed with acute kidney injury secondary to obstructive uropathy with serum creatinine 2.5 mg/dl. The patient's urine output is 3150-4100 cc per day. Resuscitation with normal saline and moderate hypokalemia correction with potassium chloride infusion is initiated. Close monitoring of fluid balance, urine output, and electrolytes was done on our patients. A negative fluid balance with normal saline infusion should be limited to no more than 75% of 2-hour urine production to avoid diuresis stimulation. Conclusion:The prolonged course of polyuria in our patient may be a reflection of the chronicity of her obstruction. Patients at high risk for POD should be detected and monitored properly. Early diagnosis and appropriate management of POD will reduce mortality