Abstract-Cyanobacteria offer an economically and ecologically sound alternative to chemical fertilizers for realizing the ultimate goal of increased productivity, especially in rice cultivation. There is however, a growing concern about the adverse effects of indiscriminate use of chemical fertilizers on soil productivity and environmental quality. A comparative study between the NR activity and biomass of six Anabaena strains isolated from paddy field soils of Ganjam district in presence of pH, temperature, copper& molybdenum, NaNO3, NH4Cl, and Urea is being conducted to present a situation where NR activity and biomass may be affected under varied concentration. Maximum NR activity was observed in Anabaena sp. at pH 8.5 and 35 o C temperature while Anabaena circinalis showed minimum activity in same concentration. Biomass content was maximum in Anabaena variabilis at pH 8.5 where as at temperature 35 o C in Anabaena flos-aquae and minimum biomass observed in Anabaena iyengarii at same concentration. NR activity in relation to copper was maximum in Anabaena sp. at 2 g/l while minimum in Anabaena circinalis at same concentration. At 0.5µg/l molybdenum content in the culture medium showed maximum NR activity in Anabaena sp and reduced in all strains with increase of concentration. Anabaena flos-aquae showed minimum NR activity at 0.1mM concentration of NaNO3 while Anabaena circinalis showed minimum NR activity at same concentration of NH4Cl. The NR activity was observed minimum at 3mM concentration of Urea in A. cylindrica. The activity of NR and biomass in all the strains was influenced by external NH4 -and NO3 + and Urea concentration.
Background:
Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common forms of arthritis which is caused by the degeneration of joint cartilage. It is often associated with disability and leads to impairment of quality of life. The clinical picture is similar to the disease Sandhigatavata described in Ayurveda (one among the Vatavyadhi) and is characterized by symptoms such as Sandhi Shoola (joint pain), Sandhishopha (swelling of joint), and Prasarana-Akunchana-Ashakti (difficulty in movements of the joint). The safety of 10 Ayurvedic classical formulations most commonly used in OA was clinically evaluated and the findings are provided in this article.
Aim and objective:
Critical analysis of clinical safety outcomes of classical Ayurvedic formulations, viz. Vatari Guggulu, Yogaraj Guggulu, Punarnava Guggulu, Maharasnadi Kwatha, Dashmoola Ghrita, Narayan Taila, Kottamchukkadi Taila, Gandharvahasta Taila, Dhanwantara Taila, and Ksheerbala Taila in patients of OA, generated through studies at different Institutes of Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences (CCRAS).
Materials and methods:
Data collected from four different clinical studies completed in multiple centers of CCRAS were retrospectively evaluated to assess the safety profile of 10 formulations that are commonly used in OA. Evaluation of safety was done by analyzing liver function tests (LFT) and renal function tests (RFT) before and after the trial period. Paired sample t-test was used to compare mean change from baseline to the 84th day. A p value of <0.05 was considered significant.
Conclusion:
The findings in four different clinical studies reveal that all ten formulations are clinically safe in patients belonging to various age groups, gender, geographical area, and Prakriti.
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