Backgroung: Cervical cancer is a serious public health problem in Brazil and around the world. Its screening through the Pap smear screening is crucial for prevention and early detection. Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the Pap smear ratio in the regions of the State of Rio Grande do Norte from 2008 to 2014, and to describe the regions with lower and higher screening for cervical cancer according to the space. Methods: It is a quantitative, retrospective, descriptive and cross-sectional study that used secondary data from SISCOLO/DATASUS. The sample was composed by the 167 municipalities of the State of Rio Grande do Norte in Brazil, divided by the eight regions of that State. The results were expressed in absolute and relative frequencies, the differences between means were analyzed by the T student tests, in which significant differences were considered when p<0.05. The mapping of results was done through the TabWin program 32. Conclusion: The average ratio of Pap smear varied considerably between the regions of the State in the years 2008 to 2014. There was decrease in the average of the ratio between the years 2008 and 2014, especially in the metropolitan region. Regarding the space, it was seen that most of the municipalities with the lower ratio are located at the ends of the map. Knowing the cytopathological ratio indicator in the regions of the State is fundamental for the management of health in that State, in order to better qualify practitioners and to establish specific goals for the evaluation of coverage of cervical cancer.
Resumo Objetivo Analisar padrões temporais e espaciais na distribuição das taxas de internação por diabetes mellitus em pessoas idosas (60 anos ou mais) no Brasil. Método Estudo ecológico com dados do Sistema de Informação de Hospitalizações do Sistema Único de Saúde acerca de internações por diabetes em pessoas idosas ocorridas no Brasil de 2001 a 2020. Foi calculada a taxa de internação/100.000 idosos e analisada a tendência temporal pela Regressão Joinpoint. Foram construídos mapas MoranMap univariado e bivariado e aplicada a técnica Skater para analisar a associação entre as taxas de internação e variáveis contextuais por Regiões Imediatas de Articulação Urbana. Resultados Taxas anuais mostram que o Brasil registrou 43,78 internações por diabetes/100.000 idosos no ano 2001 e 21,55/100.000 idosos no ano de 2020, com tendência de redução significativa (AAPC=-3,4% IC95% -4,5; -2,3). Houve autocorrelação espacial média pelo Moran global (I<0,3) no último quinquênio com regiões de elevadas taxas de internação no Norte e Nordeste do Brasil. A análise bivariada mostrou a formação de clusters de altas taxas de internação onde havia elevada cobertura da Estratégia de Saúde da Família e oferta de profissionais, porém, em áreas com piores indicadores sociais. O mapa Skater mostrou clusters de áreas de baixas taxas de internação em áreas de condições sociais favoráveis no Sudeste do Brasil. Conclusão A expansão de políticas governamentais de proteção à saúde do idoso marcou um compromisso nacional com o envelhecimento saudável da população, o reflexo disso é o declínio das taxas de internações por diabetes em idosos no Brasil.
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