Between August 1988 and July 1990, 176 patients with Schistosoma mansoni infection attending the University Hospital, Recife, Brazil received a complete clinical examination including stool examination for intestinal parasites, liver function tests, and ultrasonography. The majority were also examined by upper digestive tract endoscopy. The clinical distribution of their disease was as follows: 26.7% intestinal, 13.6% hepato-intestinal, 53.4% compensated hepatosplenic and 6.3% decompensated hepatosplenic. Infection intensity was high, with a median of 360 eggs/g of faeces. Ultrasonography showed a good correlation between the degree of hepatic periportal fibrosis and the clinical stage of disease (P < 0.0001). Of the patients with the intestinal form of schistosomiasis, 12.8% had grade I fibrosis and the others had no fibrosis; 33.3% of patients with hepatointestinal schistosomiasis had grade I fibrosis, 8.3% had grade II fibrosis, and 58.4% had no fibrosis; all the patients with hepatosplenic disease had grade II or grade III fibrosis. The degree of liver fibrosis detected by ultrasonography correlated with the degree of oesophageal varices detected by endoscopy (P = 0.0001). The degree of oesophageal varices also correlated with the presence of haemorrhage (P < 0.0001). Ultrasonography is considered superior to liver biopsy, permitting a dynamic approach to the study of schistosomiasis morbidity with precise diagnosis and simple sequential follow-up of post-treatment results.

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