Resumo Introdução O sobrepeso e a obesidade são multicausais, porém seus determinantes ainda não foram completamente estudados. Objetivo Estimar a prevalência de sobrepeso e de obesidade e os fatores associados. Método Estudo transversal de base populacional com 981 mulheres (20 a 60 anos) de São Leopoldo/RS. O peso e a altura foram aferidos para o cálculo do Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC). Mulheres com IMC entre 25,0 e 29,9 kg/m2 e IMC ≥ 30,0 kg/m2 foram classificadas com sobrepeso e obesidade, respectivamente. As razões de prevalência e os intervalos de confiança de 95% foram estimados por meio de regressão de Poisson. Resultados A prevalência de sobrepeso foi de 33% (IC95%: 30,1-36,0) e de obesidade foi de 31,2% (IC95%: 28,3-34,1). Após ajuste, maiores probabilidades de sobrepeso ocorreram em mulheres mais velhas, pertencentes às classes econômicas mais baixas, casadas ou em união, com histórico de obesidade materna e com uma ou mais gestações. As maiores probabilidades de obesidade ocorreram em mulheres mais velhas, de baixa renda, com histórico de obesidade materna e paterna e com três ou quatro gestações. Menarca acima de 12 anos e prática de atividade física de lazer foram fatores de proteção para a obesidade. Conclusão Esses resultados evidenciam a necessidade de ações de prevenção de longo prazo, algumas delas envolvendo ações transgeracionais.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the contraceptive methods used by adult women and the associated socioeconomic and demographic factors. METHODS: Population-based cross-sectional study with 20 to 49-year-old women from São Leopoldo, state of Rio Grande do Sul, in 2015. Three outcomes were considered to analyze the association with demographic and socioeconomic characteristics: use of oral contraceptive pills, tubal ligation and male condom. The crude prevalence ratios, stratified by age, and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were obtained using Poisson regression, taking the experimental error into account. RESULTS: A total of 736 women, aged from 20 to 49 years old, were evaluated. The prevalence of the use of oral contraceptive pills, tubal ligation and male condom were respectively 31.8% (95%CI 28.4–35.3), 11.1% (95%CI 9.0–13.6) and 10.9% (95%CI 8.7–13.3). In addition, 10.5% (n = 77) of the women reported making combined use of oral contraceptive pills and condom. In the stratified analysis, younger women with lower education level and from lower social classes reported less use of oral contraceptive pills. Tubal ligation was more prevalent among the lower social classes, but only in the age group from 30 to 39 years old. No differences were found in relation to male condom. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicated that differences persist in relation to contraception, which can be associated with both the difficulties of access to these inputs and the frailty of actions in reproductive health to achieve the needs and preferences of women who are more socially vulnerable.

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Resumo A revisão sistemática objetivou caracterizar as intervenções para prevenção do HIV que incluíam mulheres adultas e desenvolvidas em países de baixa e média renda após 1996, identificando como abarcavam as vulnerabilidades individuais, sociais e programáticas. Foram acessadas bases de dados de 1997 a julho de 2016 e selecionados estudos que incluíam mulheres adultas, com estratégias combinadas ou não, excluindo-se intervenções apenas biomédicas ou de mídia em massa. Foram selecionadas 72 intervenções desenvolvidas em 32 países, sendo a maioria africanos e/ou de renda média-alta e 26 só com mulheres. Entre 64 intervenções que avaliaram aspectos comportamentais, psicossociais, biomédicos, de conhecimentos sobre HIV/IST e uso de serviços de saúde, 62 tiveram resultados positivos, mas também de não efeito (n = 52). Poucas relataram diminuição na incidência de HIV/IST (n = 9), no número de parceiros (n = 12), dos relatos de estigma e de violências (n = 7). A análise de conteúdo das intervenções mostrou que a maioria (n = 51) contemplava apenas vulnerabilidades individuais. Discute-se a necessidade de fortalecer abordagens preventivas que atuem nos determinantes estruturais da epidemia, abarcando os contextos sociais das mulheres numa perspectiva relacional e interseccional das vulnerabilidades.

the data show the importance of the Specialized Program for Pharmaceutical Assistance in the high-cost treatment of highly prevalent.

Objective: to estimate the prevalence of Pap tests not performed in the last three years and never performed in women and to analyze factors. Methods: this was a cross-sectional study with women aged 20 to 69 years living in São Leopoldo, RS, Brazil, in 2015; prevalence ratios (PR) were calculated using Poisson regression. Results: among 919 women, prevalence of delayed testing was 17.8% (95% confidence interval [95%CI]15.4;20.3) and never tested prevalence was 8.1% (95%CI6.3%;9.8%); in the adjusted analysis, the increase in the prevalence of delayed testing was associated with economic class D/E (PR=2.1 -95%CI1.3;3.5), being aged 20-29 years (PR=3.2 -95%CI2.1;4.9) and not having had a medical appointment (PR=3.0 -95%CI2.1;4.1); never having tested was associated with economic class D/E (PR=2.6 -95%CI1.4;5.0), being aged 20-29 years (PR=24.1 -95%CI6.4;90.9), and not having had a medical appointment (PR=2.9 -95%CI1.7;4.8). Conclusion: coverage of the test was high but characterized by social inequality.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the direct and indirect effects of poor sleep quality on BMI and waist circumference (WC), considering behavioural factors as intermediate variables. Design: A population-based cross-sectional study design was adopted. Data were collected between February and October 2015. Poor sleep quality was assessed using the Brazilian version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI-BR). Weight, height (used to calculate BMI) and WC were measured using standard protocols. Physical activity, sedentary behaviour and fast food consumption were considered intermediate variables. Non-standardised effects were estimated by path analysis with bootstrapped CI. Setting: Urban region of the city of São Leopoldo, southern Brazil. Participants: Representative sample of 1117 women aged between 20 and 69 years. Results: Poor sleep quality (higher PSQI-BR scores) was significantly associated with low physical activity levels (β = –0·05; 95 % CI –0·09, –0·01). High physical activity levels were associated with lower BMI (β = –0·21; 95 % CI –0·37, –0·07) and WC (β = –0·64; 95 % CI –1·00, –0·30). There was a non-significant direct effect of poor sleep quality on BMI and WC. However, low physical activity showed a significant indirect effect on the association between poor sleep quality and increased WC (β = 0·03; 95 % CI 0·01, 0·07). Conclusions: The results indicate that the association between sleep quality and WC is mediated by physical activity. This finding can assist in the development of strategies to prevent and reduce abdominal obesity in adult women.