BackgroundKangaroo mother care (KMC) has been widely used to improve the care of preterms and low birth weight infants. However, very little is known about cerebral hemodynamics responses in preterm infants during KMC intervention. The aim of this study is to evaluate the changes of cerebral blood flow (CBF) in middle cerebral artery, before and after a 30 minute application of KMC in stable preterm infants.MethodsIt is a prospective, pre-post test without a control group study. CBF flow paremeters were measured with Doppler ultrasonography in one middle cerebral artery. Sixty preterm stable infants were assessed before and after 30 min KMC. CBF indices were assessed in different positions before KMC, forty neonates in supine position and 20 in vertical suspension (baby is held vertically away from the skin of his mother). Other dependent variables heart rate and mean arterial blood pressure and Spo2 were also studied before and after KMC.ResultsThe mean gestational age of the infants was (32 ± 2 weeks), and mean birth weight was (2080 ± 270 gm). Comparing CBF indices (Pulsatility index and Resistive index) before and after KMC has shown a significant decrease in both Pulsatility index (PI) and Resistive index (RI) after 30 min. KMC, the mean values were (2.0 ± 0.43 vs 1.68 ± 0.33 & 0.81 ± 0.05 vs 0.76 ± 0.06 respectively P < 0.05*) with mean difference (0.32 & 95% CI 0.042-0.41 & 0.05 & 95% CI 0.04 to 0.06 respectively P < 0.05*) and increase in end diastolic velocity & mean velocity 30 min of KMC (10.97 ± 4.63 vs. 15.39 ± 5.66 P < 0.05*& 25.66 ± 10.74 vs. 32.86 ± 11.47 P < 0.05* ) with mean difference (− 4.42 & 95% CI −5.67 to −3.18 and −7.21 & 95% CI - 9.41 to 5.00 respectively). These changes indicate improvement in CBF. No correlation has been found between CBF parameters and studied vital signs or SpO2.ConclusionKangaroo mother care improves cerebral blood flow, thus it might influence the structure and promote development of the premature infant's brain.
Aim: estimate flexural strength of strengthened denture base resin by different concentrations of Zirconium oxide nanoparticles (Zro2 Nps), Aluminum oxide nanoparticles (Al2o3 Nps) and Titanium oxide nanoparticles (Tio2 Nps). Subjects and methods: fifty sample were got ready to experimentation of flexural strength together with dimensions 65 length x 10 width x 2.5mm thickness and then these samples were split into 4 series (A, B, C, D) and these groups then partitioned to 3 sub collections (1, 2, and 3) of 5 specimens for each group according to the ratio of Zro2Nps, Al2o3 Nps and Tio2 Nps which were (1%, 2% and 3%) for each type of nanoparticles that were added to heat-cured Poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA). Results: Regardless to metal oxide type, totally the highest mean value was recorded for control group (77.96 MPa). The difference between groups was statistically significant as indicated by ANOVA test (p=<0.0001<0.05) for flexural strength. Conclusions: It was found that there is slight decreasing in transverse strength of PMMA for all concentrations added of Zro2Nps, Al2o3 Nps and Tio2 Nps when compared to control group.
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