An urban tree monitoring programme is a management procedure that determines the performance status of trees by conducting an inventory of the number of trees, their condition, their structure, and other quantitative or qualitative characteristics. The ability to successfully carry out a monitoring programme is highly dependent on precise data. At the same time, comprehensive and strategic urban tree policies require accurate baseline and trending data. Accordingly, there is a need for an improved assessment technique for tree monitoring. Due to the increasing number of tree vandalism incidents in urban areas, the immediate objective of this research was to determine the criteria for a precise tree vandalism assessment technique. A modified Delphi method was adopted to obtain the most reliable consensus among tree care experts through a series of questionnaires. Prior to conducting the Delphi survey, the initial tree vandalism criteria were identified through a preliminary survey conducted by means of the photoelicitation technique. Experts provided the input for generating the criteria, and at the end of the second round of the Delphi survey, the experts reached a consensus on a set of criteria, which included 10 criteria related to aspects of specific motives and actions, 11 criteria related to aspects of ideologies and practices, and 11 other criteria related to the aspect of victim of circumstances. The selected criteria can be applied in a monitoring programme to assess the incidence of tree vandalism.
Urban trees are exposed to "unintentional vandalism" during poorly skilled pruning practices that can lead to tree structure damage. This causes harmful consequences that affect tree performance in terms of the ecosystem services they contribute. This study aims to explore the relationship between unintentional tree vandalism and poorly skilled pruning practices in tree maintenance by analysing qualitative and quantitative data from tree workers contracted by selected Malaysian local authorities and tree care experts. The results showed that insufficient tree pruning knowledge leads to unintentional vandalism in tree pruning practices. Keywords: Tree management; unskilled tree pruning; unintentional tree vandalism; urban tree eISSN: 2398-4287© 2021. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v6i16.2633
University students deserve proper outdoor learning centers to accelerate their academic development. However, dealing with dynamic physical outdoor elements, especially the existing tree species, is challenging in the design phase. Failing to understand their character and conditions will lead to design failures that involve losses of ecosystem benefits and ultimately have a negative impact on students' academic development. This research proposes composite maps by analyzing qualitative and quantitative data from physical attributes. The proposed overlayed composite maps present the association of comfort, movement, aesthetic, and social relation criteria for the outdoor student learning centres. Keywords: Plant Community, Plant Identification, Tree Conditions, Map Overlay eISSN: 2398-4287 © 2022. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v7i20.3422
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