R. HELLER, C. HÖ LLER, R. SÜ )MU T H a nd K .-O. G UN DE R MA NN . 1998. The effects of various concentrations of sodium chloride solutions (0·1%-3%) and different temperatures (4, 10, 20, 30 and 37°C) on survival of Legionella pneumophila were investigated. It was found that at temperatures between 4°C and 20°C, Legionella organisms survived in salt solutions up to 3% NaCl. Only the combination of high temperatures, i. e. 30°C and 37°C, with NaCl concentrations over 1·5%, reduced cell numbers significantly. It was interesting to note that the addition of small amounts of NaCl (0·1%-0·5%) enhanced survival of Leg. pneumophila, suggesting a protective effect of NaCl. In order to obtain information about conditions encountered in the environment, the survival experiments were repeated in sterile sea water from the Baltic Sea and the North Sea. The marked bacterial die-off, especially at higher temperatures, was not observed in natural sea water. All these results indicate that Leg. pneumophila can survive in the marine environment.
Mental health professionals are being asked with increasing frequency to consult to the courts regarding custody in cases of suspected abuse and neglect. This paper provides practical guidelines for evaluation of these families in order to maximize the effectiveness of consultation and minimize common pitfalls usually encountered with such evaluations. The authors offer suggestions for structuring the evaluation, dealing with family reisitances, writing the report and testifying in court. It is the hope that with such practical guidelines, other mental health professionals will be willing to attempt such consultations and will be able to structure them in such a way that they can be carried out efficiently and effectively, benefiting not only the courts, but the children and their families as well.
Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis has been utilized by the aircraft industry to characterize the distribution of ventilation air in conventionally-configured commercial aircraft passenger cabins. The recent tendency is to increase recirculated air proportion, for operating efficiency. There are also emergent many new cabin interior designs with appurtenances. A principle consideration is assessment of cabin air quality, and comfort, for the aircraft Environmental Control System (ECS) operating in cruise mode at flight altitude, where the efficiency issue is of primary impact. This paper addresses the application potential of CFD to assist in determination, perhaps optimization, of a quality cabin interior environment for broad ranging cabin configuration variations.
Das Studium der Gonorrhoe mit ihren Complicationen und Folgekrankheiten ist seit der Entdeckung des Gonococcus durch Neisser in eine neue Epoche eingetreten. Erst durch den Nachweis des Gonococcus gela~g es, den Zusammenhang zwischen Gonorrhoe und gewissen Erkrankungen des Peritoneums, des Endocards, der Gelenke mit Sicherheit festzustellen. Im Gegensatz zu diesen konnte man bei den Erkrankungen des Urogenitaltractus, die sich im Anschluss ~u die Gonorrhoe entwiekelten, schon aus der klinischen Beobachtung einen urs~ch]ichen Zusammenhang zwischen beiden mi~ Bestimmtheit nachweisen. Fraglich war nur~ wie weit man den Gonococcus fiir die Entstehung dieser Krankheiten verantwortlich machen sollte, wie weit andre Mikroorganismen. Eine der h~ufigsten Complicationen dieser Art ist die Cystitis gonorrhoica. Es ist Fin g e r's Verdienst, ihr Krankheitsbild genau pr~icisirt und die Urethritis aeuta posterior, die oft mit ihr verwechselt wurde, davon abgetrennt zu haben. Um ihre bakteriologische Erforschung hubert sich zahlreiche Autoren bemiiht, doch stimmen alle ~ilteren Forscher darin iiberein, dass sie als eine Mischinfection zu betrachten sei. Der erste, welcher aufdasVorkommen einer rein gonorrhoischen Cystitis
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